Stainless Steel 310
AISI/SAE 310 · UNS S31000 · EN 1.4841 · JIS SUS310
310 (UNS S31000) is a fully austenitic 25Cr–20Ni heat-resisting stainless steel that forms a stable, dense oxide film, giving long-term oxidation resistance in air at 1000–1150 °C plus resistance to carburizing and nitriding atmospheres.
Values for the Solution Annealed condition
310 tempers and conditions
310 is supplied in 5 conditions, soft to hard. Solution Annealed is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mill annealed sheet/plate/bar (ASTM A240 / A276 condition A) | Generic soft annealed condition sold as plate, coil (2B/No.1) and hot-finished bar; mechanically equivalent to solution annealed for this grade. | 305 | 650 | 45 | 150 HB | 2.2 % IACS |
Solution AnnealedDefault 1040–1120 °C, rapid cool (mill standard) | Standard supply condition for 310/310S plate, sheet, bar and tube — maximum ductility, homogeneous carbide-free austenite before high-temperature service. | 310 | 655 | 45 | 150 HB | — |
Hot Rolled (as-rolled / hot finished, descaled) | Pick for heavy plate and hot-finished bar where a final anneal is not required because the part sees high-temperature service anyway. | 340 | 690 | 40 | 170 HB | 2.2 % IACS |
cold rolled strip/temper rolled (~1/4 hard equivalent) | Light temper-rolled strip or spring-back stock where extra room-temperature yield strength and flatness are needed; anneal before high-temperature service to avoid recrystallisation distortion. | 520 | 860 | 18 | 24 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
cold drawn/ground bar and wire (ASTM A484 condition) | Choose for close-tolerance bar, studs and fasteners needing higher strength and a bright finish at room temperature; ductility and creep-relevant softness reduced until first high-temperature exposure. | 550 | 760 | 25 | 220 HB | — |
Supply forms, finishes and certifications
Ways 310 is supplied — form, process route, surface or paperwork — without a datasheet of their own. The property values above apply.
| Option | What it is | Type |
|---|---|---|
cold_finished | Cold Finished | Surface finish |
What is 310?
310 (UNS S31000) is a fully austenitic 25Cr–20Ni heat-resisting stainless steel that forms a stable, dense oxide film, giving long-term oxidation resistance in air at 1000–1150 °C plus resistance to carburizing and nitriding atmospheres. Common forms are plate, sheet, bar and tube for furnace baskets, retorts and radiant tubes. It contains no molybdenum, so chloride pitting resistance is moderate, long holds at 600–900 °C precipitate sigma phase and embrittle the steel at room temperature, and sulfur-bearing gas is not recommended. Low conductivity and rapid work hardening make cutting and fully austenitic welding demanding; 330 is the higher-nickel option. 310 has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F). 310 has a yield strength of 310 MPa (45 ksi) and a tensile strength of 655 MPa (95 ksi) — weaker than 63% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is 310 used for?
- Heat treatment baskets and fixtures
- Furnace retorts and muffles
- Radiant tubes
- Burner nozzles and sleeves
- Cement kiln parts
- Petrochemical high-temperature ducting
- Annealing covers
Advantages
- High service temperature — 1,050°C (1,922 °F), better than 91% of stainless steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 70/100, better than 79% of stainless steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 45%, better than 76% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Hard to polish — 60/100, worse than 80% of stainless steel grades
- High embodied carbon — 5.5 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 77% of stainless steel grades
310 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 310-Solution Annealed; bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
310 has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical16
310 has a yield strength of 310 MPa (45 ksi) and a tensile strength of 655 MPa (95 ksi) — weaker than 63% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
310 is rated for continuous service to 1,050°C (1,922 °F). It conducts heat at 14.2 W/m·K (8.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 76% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 15.9 µm/m·K (8.83 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
310 conducts electricity at 2.2 % IACS, worse than 61% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (68/100), better than 63% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 310 takes about 62 MJ of energy and emits 5.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 75% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 45%.
Manufacturability7
310's machinability is fair (35/100, better than 51% of stainless steel grades); weldability good (65/100); formability very good (70/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the stainless steel family
Yield strength against density for every stainless steel grade FabDigit runs. 310 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 310
Is 310 easy to machine?
Gummy and strongly work-hardening: use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, 25–60 m/min with heavy feed, never dwell, and flood with high-lubricity coolant to avoid glazing.
Can 310 be welded?
GTAW/GMAW/SMAW with matching 310/25-20 filler; fully austenitic weld metal is hot-crack sensitive, so keep low heat input, limit interpass temperature and avoid dilution with high-carbon or high-S base material — no preheat, no post-weld heat treatment needed.
Can 310 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms well but needs ~50 % more press force than 304 and allowance for high springback; hot work at 1150–1200 °C and follow with 1040–1120 °C solution anneal.
Manufacturability
The process limits FabDigit applies to 310. Every 310 part is priced by an engineer; design inside these and the quote comes back without a redesign loop.
CNC machining
| Machinability | Fair35 / 100 |
|---|---|
| ISO material group | M.1 |
| Cutting speed (rough / finish) | 150 / 180 m/min |
| Minimum wall | 0.8 mm |
| Minimum internal radius | 1.5 mm |
| Drill depth limit | 4× diameter |
| Best surface (machined / polished) | Ra 1.6 / — |
| Hardenable after machining | No |
Sheet metal
| Formability | Better70 / 100 |
|---|---|
| Weldability | Better65 / 100 |
| Bendable | Yes |
310 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C310S limits C ≤0.08; EN 1.4841 is 0.10–0.20 with higher Si | ≤ 0.25 | 0.12 |
| SiEN 1.4841: 1.5–2.5 Si for extra oxidation resistance | ≤ 1.5 | 0.6 |
| Mn | ≤ 2 | 1.3 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | |
| Cr | 24 – 26 | 25 |
| Ni | 19 – 22 | 20.5 |
| Febalance, ≈52 % | balance |
What surface finishes work on 310?
Pickle and passivate after hot work or welding to restore the Cr-rich film; grinding, brushing and electropolishing are all practical, anodizing is not applicable.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on stainless steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Plating
Organic Coating
CVD Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Stainless Steel 310 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- S31000
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- 1.4841
- JIS
- SUS310
How much does 310 cost?
310 is a specialty-cost stainless steel ($$$$$), pricier than about 58% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
310 — frequently asked
What is 310 used for?
310 is typically used for heat treatment baskets and fixtures, furnace retorts and muffles, radiant tubes, burner nozzles and sleeves, cement kiln parts and petrochemical high-temperature ducting. In short: extreme oxidation resistance.
What is the yield strength of 310?
310 has a typical yield strength of 310 MPa (45 ksi) and a tensile strength of 655 MPa (95 ksi) — weaker than 63% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 310 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (35/100, better than 51% of stainless steel grades). Gummy and strongly work-hardening: use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, 25–60 m/min with heavy feed, never dwell, and flood with high-lubricity coolant to avoid glazing.
Can 310 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (65/100). GTAW/GMAW/SMAW with matching 310/25-20 filler; fully austenitic weld metal is hot-crack sensitive, so keep low heat input, limit interpass temperature and avoid dilution with high-carbon or high-S base material — no preheat, no post-weld heat treatment needed.
What surface finishes work on 310?
Pickle and passivate after hot work or welding to restore the Cr-rich film; grinding, brushing and electropolishing are all practical, anodizing is not applicable.
Can 310 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms well but needs ~50 % more press force than 304 and allowance for high springback; hot work at 1150–1200 °C and follow with 1040–1120 °C solution anneal.
What is the maximum service temperature of 310?
310 is rated for continuous use to about 1,050°C (1,922 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
How much does 310 cost?
310 is a specialty-cost stainless steel ($$$$$), pricier than about 58% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Can FabDigit make parts in 310?
Yes — 310 is available for CNC machining and sheet metal; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A240/A240M — Cr and Cr-Ni Stainless Plate, Sheet and Strip (S31000/S31008) — ASTM International (2023)
- ASTM A276/A479 — Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes — ASTM International (2022)
- EN 10095 — Heat resisting steels and nickel alloys (1.4841, 1.4845) — CEN (2018)
- JIS G 4304 / G 4305 — Hot and cold rolled stainless steel plate (SUS310S) — JSA (2021)
- GB/T 4237 / GB/T 1220 — (0Cr25Ni20 / 06Cr25Ni20) — SAC (2015)
- ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels — ASM International (1994)
- Outokumpu Steel Grades 4841/4845 datasheet — Outokumpu (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.