Stainless Steel 1.4434
EN 1.4434
1.4434 (X2CrNiMoN18-12-4, S31653/316LN) is a nitrogen-alloyed, low-carbon austenitic stainless with raised molybdenum from the EN 10088 / 3xx family.
Reference datasheet — 1.4434 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the AT condition
1.4434 tempers and conditions
1.4434 is supplied in 8 conditions, soft to hard. AT is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 8 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATDefault Solution annealed | Default condition for plate, bar, forgings and welded fabrication — maximum corrosion resistance and toughness. | 330 | 620 | 45 | 190 HB | — |
As-welded deposit | Represents typical weld-joint properties for fabricated vessels — no post-weld solution treatment required thanks to ≤0.030 % C. | 350 | 590 | 30 | 200 HB | 2.2 % IACS |
Cold worked to Rm ≥ 700 MPa | Lightest standard strain-hardened bar/wire class when moderate extra strength is needed with good ductility. | 430 | 740 | 24 | 20 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Standard bar stock for machined shafts, fittings and fasteners where higher yield and tighter tolerance are wanted. | 460 | 700 | 25 | 20 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Cold worked to Rm ≥ 800 MPa | Mid strain-hardened class for high-strength bolting and shafts in corrosive service. | 550 | 840 | 18 | 26 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Quarter hard | Cold-rolled strip class for springy clips and stiffened panels where forming is still needed. | 620 | 900 | 12 | 26 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Cold worked to Rm ≥ 900 MPa | Highest standard strain-hardened bar class; choose only where ductility and weldability are not critical. | 680 | 950 | 13 | 31 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Half hard | High-strength strip for flat springs, shims and diaphragms; forming limited to gentle bends. | 790 | 1,060 | 8 | 32 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Supply forms, finishes and certifications
Ways 1.4434 is supplied — form, process route, surface or paperwork — without a datasheet of their own. The property values above apply.
| Option | What it is | Type |
|---|---|---|
TUBE-AT | Seamless / welded tube, solution annealed | Supply form |
1D | Hot rolled, solution annealed, pickled plate | Surface finish |
2B | Cold rolled, annealed, pickled, lightly skin-passed sheet | Surface finish |
2R | 2R | Surface finish |
What is 1.4434?
1.4434 (X2CrNiMoN18-12-4, S31653/316LN) is a nitrogen-alloyed, low-carbon austenitic stainless with raised molybdenum from the EN 10088 / 3xx family. The nitrogen addition lifts annealed properties to 330 MPa yield, 620 MPa tensile and 45 % elongation (about 190 HB / 88 HRB), so it is specified for plate, bar, tube and fasteners where 316L would need thicker sections in chloride service. Carbon at 0.03 % max keeps it weldable without post-weld annealing, but it work-hardens strongly, cuts slowly and is limited to roughly 550 °C service; 1.4435/316L is the cheaper choice when the extra strength is not required. 1.4434 has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,390°C (2,534 °F). 1.4434 has a yield strength of 330 MPa (47.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 57% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is 1.4434 used for?
- offshore fasteners
- seawater systems
- chemical tanks
- pulp & paper equipment
Advantages
- Forms and bends easily — 78/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades
- Readily welded — 85/100, better than 87% of stainless steel grades
- Tough — resists crack growth — 200 MPa·√m (182 ksi·√in), better than 86% of stainless steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 45%, better than 76% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- High embodied carbon — 5.6 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 83% of stainless steel grades
1.4434 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4434-AT; bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4434 has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,390°C (2,534 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4434 has a yield strength of 330 MPa (47.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 57% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4434 is rated for continuous service to 550°C (1,022 °F). It conducts heat at 14 W/m·K (8.09 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 80% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 16 µm/m·K (8.89 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4434 conducts electricity at 2.3 % IACS, better than 55% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is very good (70/100), better than 68% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4434 takes about 78 MJ of energy and emits 5.6 kg of CO₂ — more than 87% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability7
1.4434's machinability is fair (36/100, better than 57% of stainless steel grades); weldability excellent (85/100); formability very good (78/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the stainless steel family
Yield strength against density for every stainless steel grade FabDigit runs. 1.4434 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 1.4434
Is 1.4434 easy to machine?
Gummy and strongly work-hardening — use rigid setups, positive-rake coated carbide, high feed with constant engagement, ~20 % lower speeds than 316L and copious coolant to avoid glazing.
Can 1.4434 be welded?
Excellent by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW/SAW with 316LN or 19 12 3 L filler; no preheat and no PWHT needed, keep interpass below ~150 °C and use low-oxygen backing gas to preserve nitrogen and corrosion resistance.
Can 1.4434 be formed, bent or molded?
Good cold formability but high work-hardening rate and ~30 % higher forming loads than 316L; allow generous springback, hot work at 1150–900 °C then solution anneal at 1020–1120 °C with rapid cooling.
1.4434 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Clow-carbon for as-welded corrosion resistance | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.5 |
| Mn | ≤ 2 | 1.5 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| S | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Cr | 16.5 – 19.5 | 18 |
| Ni | 10.5 – 14 | 12.5 |
| Mohigher than 316L (2.0–2.5 %) — main pitting-resistance driver | 3 – 4 | 3.5 |
| Nsolid-solution strengthening + pitting resistance | 0.1 – 0.2 | 0.15 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 1.4434?
Pickle and passivate (ASTM A967) after welding to remove heat tint; takes excellent mechanical polish and electropolish — no anodizing, plating only for special wear/appearance needs.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on stainless steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Passivation
Organic Coating
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Stainless Steel 1.4434 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- X2CrNiMoN18-12-4
- Similar grades
- S31653316LN
How much does 1.4434 cost?
1.4434 is a premium-cost stainless steel ($$$), cheaper than about 51% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
1.4434 — frequently asked
What is 1.4434 used for?
1.4434 is typically used for offshore fasteners, seawater systems, chemical tanks and pulp & paper equipment. In short: higher-strength 316L; nitrogen-boosted pitting resistance; weldable without PWHT.
What is the yield strength of 1.4434?
1.4434 has a typical yield strength of 330 MPa (47.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 57% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 8 listed tempers.
Is 1.4434 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (36/100, better than 57% of stainless steel grades). Gummy and strongly work-hardening — use rigid setups, positive-rake coated carbide, high feed with constant engagement, ~20 % lower speeds than 316L and copious coolant to avoid glazing.
Can 1.4434 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (85/100). Excellent by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW/SAW with 316LN or 19 12 3 L filler; no preheat and no PWHT needed, keep interpass below ~150 °C and use low-oxygen backing gas to preserve nitrogen and corrosion resistance.
What surface finishes work on 1.4434?
Pickle and passivate (ASTM A967) after welding to remove heat tint; takes excellent mechanical polish and electropolish — no anodizing, plating only for special wear/appearance needs.
Can 1.4434 be formed, bent or molded?
Good cold formability but high work-hardening rate and ~30 % higher forming loads than 316L; allow generous springback, hot work at 1150–900 °C then solution anneal at 1020–1120 °C with rapid cooling.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4434?
1.4434 is rated for continuous use to about 550°C (1,022 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4434-AT and 1.4434-CD?
AT is the default condition — default condition for plate, bar, forgings and welded fabrication — maximum corrosion resistance and toughness. CD: standard bar stock for machined shafts, fittings and fasteners where higher yield and tighter tolerance are wanted. Yield strength is 330 MPa in AT versus 460 MPa in CD.
How much does 1.4434 cost?
1.4434 is a premium-cost stainless steel ($$$), cheaper than about 51% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- EN 10088-1/-2/-3 Stainless steels — list, sheet/plate and semi-finished/bar — CEN (2014)
- EN 10216-5 / EN 10217-7 Stainless steel tubes for pressure purposes — CEN (2013)
- ASTM A240 / A479 / A666 (UNS S31653) — ASTM International (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Austenitic stainless steel datasheets (316L / 316LN / 1.4434 class) — Outokumpu / Sandvik (2023)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.