Stainless Steel 314
AISI/SAE 314 · UNS S31400 · EN 1.4841-like, 1.4841 · JIS SUS314
314 is a high-silicon, high-chromium/nickel austenitic stainless steel (UNS S31400, 1.4841, X15CrNiSi25-21, SUS314) in which the silicon addition builds a tenacious scale for cyclic high-temperature and carburizing atmospheres.
Values for the Solution Annealed condition
314 tempers and conditions
314 is supplied in 4 conditions, soft to hard. Solution Annealed is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 4 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mill annealed sheet/plate (softest condition) | Pick for sheet, strip and plate that must be formed or rolled into muffles and liners before installation. | 320 | 660 | 42 | 170 HB | 2 % IACS |
as-rolled or hot-finished bar and plate | Economical condition for furnace fixtures and weldments that will be heat-treated or simply put into hot service without close tolerances. | 330 | 660 | 38 | 190 HB | 2 % IACS |
Solution AnnealedDefault 1050-1150 °C, rapid cool | Default stocked condition for bar, plate and forgings: carbides dissolved and rapidly cooled for maximum ductility before service at temperature. | 345 | 690 | 40 | 180 HB | — |
cold drawn bar / wire (lightly cold worked) | Choose when higher room-temperature strength, straightness and a bright dimensional finish are needed; cold work is lost on the first heat-up to service temperature. | 550 | 810 | 25 | 21 HRC | 2 % IACS |
What is 314?
314 is a high-silicon, high-chromium/nickel austenitic stainless steel (UNS S31400, 1.4841, X15CrNiSi25-21, SUS314) in which the silicon addition builds a tenacious scale for cyclic high-temperature and carburizing atmospheres. It is used to 1100 °C in annealed, solution annealed, hot rolled and cold drawn forms, with typical values of 345 MPa yield, 690 MPa tensile, 40 % elongation and 180 HB (87 HRB). The higher silicon and carbon raise hot-cracking and sigma-phase risk in welds and make it tough to machine, and it is not intended for aqueous chloride service. Where welding is the dominant operation, 310S is the easier choice. 314 has a density of 7.72 g/cm³ (0.279 lb/in³), lighter than 72% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F). 314 has a yield strength of 345 MPa (50 ksi) and a tensile strength of 690 MPa (100 ksi) — weaker than 54% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 40% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is 314 used for?
- Heat treatment furnace fixtures
- Annealing baskets
- Carburizing furnace trays and grids
- Radiant tubes
- Burner and combustion-chamber parts
- Furnace conveyor links
- Retort and muffle sections
Advantages
- High service temperature — 1,100°C (2,012 °F), better than 96% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Hard to polish — 55/100, worse than 89% of stainless steel grades
- High embodied carbon — 5.8 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 86% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 45/100, worse than 79% of stainless steel grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 2 % IACS, worse than 77% of stainless steel grades
314 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 314-Solution Annealed; bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
314 has a density of 7.72 g/cm³ (0.279 lb/in³), lighter than 72% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical14
314 has a yield strength of 345 MPa (50 ksi) and a tensile strength of 690 MPa (100 ksi) — weaker than 54% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 40% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
314 is rated for continuous service to 1,100°C (2,012 °F). It conducts heat at 17 W/m·K (9.82 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 71% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 15 µm/m·K (8.33 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
314 conducts electricity at 2 % IACS, worse than 77% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (68/100), better than 63% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 314 takes about 82 MJ of energy and emits 5.8 kg of CO₂ — more than 90% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 55%.
Manufacturability7
314's machinability is poor (28/100, worse than 79% of stainless steel grades); weldability fair (45/100); formability good (55/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the stainless steel family
Yield strength against density for every stainless steel grade FabDigit runs. 314 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 314
Is 314 easy to machine?
Tough, gummy and strongly work-hardening — use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, 15-25 m/min, heavy feeds, flood coolant and never dwell in the cut.
Can 314 be welded?
Weldable with GTAW/SMAW using 310 or 330 filler, but the high Si and high C raise hot-cracking and sigma risk — keep heat input low, no preheat, restrict interpass temperature and avoid heavy restraint.
Can 314 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot work at 1150-1200 °C and finish above 950 °C; cold forming needs high forces and generous radii, with a 1050-1150 °C solution anneal and rapid cool afterwards.
Manufacturability
The process limits FabDigit applies to 314. Every 314 part is priced by an engineer; design inside these and the quote comes back without a redesign loop.
CNC machining
| Machinability | Fair28 / 100 |
|---|---|
| ISO material group | M.1 |
| Cutting speed (rough / finish) | 150 / 180 m/min |
| Minimum wall | 0.8 mm |
| Minimum internal radius | 1.5 mm |
| Drill depth limit | 4× diameter |
| Best surface (machined / polished) | Ra 1.6 / — |
| Hardenable after machining | No |
Sheet metal
| Formability | Better55 / 100 |
|---|---|
| Weldability | Excellent45 / 100 |
| Bendable | Yes |
314 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Chigh C for creep strength | ≤ 0.25 | 0.15 |
| Sikey addition for scaling resistance | 1.5 – 3 | 2.2 |
| Mn | ≤ 2 | 1.2 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | |
| Cr | 23 – 26 | 24.5 |
| Ni | 19 – 22 | 20.5 |
| Febalance ≈ 50 % | balance |
What surface finishes work on 314?
Pickle and passivate after fabrication to restore the oxide film; grind/polish to No.4 or bright finishes if needed — not anodisable, and plating is rarely used.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on stainless steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Plating
Organic Coating
CVD Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Stainless Steel 314 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- S31400
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- 1.4841-like1.4841X15CrNiSi25-21
- JIS
- SUS314
- Also called
- 1Cr25Ni20Si2
- Similar grades
- 16Cr25Ni20Si2
How much does 314 cost?
314 is a premium-cost stainless steel ($$$), pricier than about 58% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
314 — frequently asked
What is 314 used for?
314 is typically used for heat treatment furnace fixtures, annealing baskets, carburizing furnace trays and grids, radiant tubes, burner and combustion-chamber parts and furnace conveyor links. In short: heat-resistant austenitic stainless.
What is the yield strength of 314?
314 has a typical yield strength of 345 MPa (50 ksi) and a tensile strength of 690 MPa (100 ksi) — weaker than 54% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 4 listed tempers.
Is 314 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (28/100, worse than 79% of stainless steel grades). Tough, gummy and strongly work-hardening — use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, 15-25 m/min, heavy feeds, flood coolant and never dwell in the cut.
Can 314 be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (45/100). Weldable with GTAW/SMAW using 310 or 330 filler, but the high Si and high C raise hot-cracking and sigma risk — keep heat input low, no preheat, restrict interpass temperature and avoid heavy restraint.
What surface finishes work on 314?
Pickle and passivate after fabrication to restore the oxide film; grind/polish to No.4 or bright finishes if needed — not anodisable, and plating is rarely used.
Can 314 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot work at 1150-1200 °C and finish above 950 °C; cold forming needs high forces and generous radii, with a 1050-1150 °C solution anneal and rapid cool afterwards.
What is the maximum service temperature of 314?
314 is rated for continuous use to about 1,100°C (2,012 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
How much does 314 cost?
314 is a premium-cost stainless steel ($$$), pricier than about 58% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Can FabDigit make parts in 314?
Yes — 314 is available for CNC machining and sheet metal; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A276/A479 (UNS S31400 bar and shapes) — ASTM International (2023)
- ASTM A167 / A240 heat-resisting Cr-Ni sheet and plate — ASTM International (2020)
- EN 10095 — Heat resisting steels and nickel alloys (X15CrNiSi25-21, 1.4841) — CEN (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
- Machinery's Handbook (machinability ratings for austenitic stainless) — Industrial Press (2020)
- Heat-resistant stainless 1.4841 / 314 datasheet — Outokumpu / Sandvik (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.