Stainless Steel 1.4951
EN 1.4951
1.4951 (X6CrNi25-20, 310S/S31008) is a low-carbon 25Cr-20Ni austenitic stainless with oxidation and carburisation resistance for elevated-temperature service to about 1050 °C.
Reference datasheet — 1.4951 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the Annealed condition
1.4951 tempers and conditions
1.4951 is supplied in 5 conditions, soft to hard. Annealed is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forged + solution annealed (bar, ring, flange, forged block) | Heavy sections such as furnace rolls, hangers and flanges; anneal after forging to dissolve carbides. | 270 | 580 | 45 | 155 HB | 2.2 % IACS |
AnnealedDefault solution annealed (1050–1150 °C, rapid cool) + pickled | Standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar and tube; maximum ductility and best high-temperature/corrosion behaviour. | 290 | 620 | 45 | 150 HB | — |
Cold drawn | Bar stock with better straightness, tolerance and chip control than annealed; strength raised by drawing. | 450 | 700 | 30 | 14 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
Quarter hard | Cold-worked strip when moderate room-temperature strength and springback are wanted; not for high-temperature service. | 520 | 860 | 15 | 25 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
Half hard | Highest commonly stocked cold-worked temper; use for high-strength flat parts, accepting low ductility. | 760 | 1,035 | 10 | 32 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
Supply forms, finishes and certifications
Ways 1.4951 is supplied — form, process route, surface or paperwork — without a datasheet of their own. The property values above apply.
| Option | What it is | Type |
|---|---|---|
SMLS-AT | Seamless tube/pipe | Supply form |
CRA-2B | Cold Rolled, Annealed & Pickled | Surface finish |
HRAP | Hot Rolled, Annealed & Pickled | Surface finish |
What is 1.4951?
1.4951 (X6CrNi25-20, 310S/S31008) is a low-carbon 25Cr-20Ni austenitic stainless with oxidation and carburisation resistance for elevated-temperature service to about 1050 °C. It is supplied as hot-rolled annealed plate, 2B cold-rolled sheet, seamless annealed tube, cold-drawn bar and forgings; annealed values are 290 MPa yield, 620 MPa tensile, 45 % elongation and 150 HB. Low carbon limits carbide precipitation in welded assemblies, but the grade machines slowly, needs about 50 % higher forming loads than 304 and is not intended for chloride service. Higher-carbon 1.4845 is the alternative when maximum hot strength is needed. 1.4951 has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F). 1.4951 has a yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 72% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is 1.4951 used for?
- furnace parts
- heat treatment fixtures
- high-temperature process equipment
- kiln components
- radiant tubes
Advantages
- Tough — resists crack growth — 220 MPa·√m (200.2 ksi·√in), better than 97% of stainless steel grades
- High service temperature — 1,050°C (1,922 °F), better than 91% of stainless steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 70/100, better than 79% of stainless steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 45%, better than 76% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- High embodied carbon — 5.5 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 77% of stainless steel grades
1.4951 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4951-Annealed; bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4951 has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4951 has a yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 72% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4951 is rated for continuous service to 1,050°C (1,922 °F). It conducts heat at 14.2 W/m·K (8.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 76% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 15.9 µm/m·K (8.83 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4951 conducts electricity at 2.2 % IACS, worse than 61% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is very good (72/100), better than 73% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4951 takes about 75 MJ of energy and emits 5.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 84% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability7
1.4951's machinability is poor (32/100, worse than 62% of stainless steel grades); weldability very good (78/100); formability very good (70/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the stainless steel family
Yield strength against density for every stainless steel grade FabDigit runs. 1.4951 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 1.4951
Is 1.4951 easy to machine?
Gummy and strongly work-hardening — use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, heavy feeds, low-to-moderate speeds (≈25–45 m/min) and copious coolant; never dwell in the cut.
Can 1.4951 be welded?
Readily welded by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW with matching 310/25-20 filler; keep interpass low, use low heat input to limit hot cracking and sigma formation, no preheat, no post-weld heat treatment needed for heat service.
Can 1.4951 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms well but needs ~50 % higher press loads than 304 and generous bend radii; hot work at 1150–1200 °C and finish above 950 °C, then solution anneal and water quench.
1.4951 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Clow-carbon 'S' type for weldability | ≤ 0.08 | 0.05 |
| SiSi raises oxidation resistance | ≤ 1.5 | 0.7 |
| Mn | ≤ 2 | 1.2 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| S | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Cr | 24 – 26 | 25 |
| Ni | 19 – 22 | 20 |
| N | ≤ 0.11 | 0.04 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 1.4951?
Pickle and passivate after hot work or welding to restore the oxide scale-free surface; can be ground, brushed or electropolished — not anodizable.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on stainless steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Passivation
Organic Coating
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Stainless Steel 1.4951 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- X6CrNi25-20
- Similar grades
- 310SS3100806Cr25Ni20
How much does 1.4951 cost?
1.4951 is a premium-cost stainless steel ($$$), cheaper than about 51% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
1.4951 — frequently asked
What is 1.4951 used for?
1.4951 is typically used for furnace parts, heat treatment fixtures, high-temperature process equipment, kiln components and radiant tubes. In short: low-carbon 25Cr-20Ni; carburisation-resistant furnace grade; weld-friendlier than 1.4845.
What is the yield strength of 1.4951?
1.4951 has a typical yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 72% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 1.4951 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (32/100, worse than 62% of stainless steel grades). Gummy and strongly work-hardening — use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, heavy feeds, low-to-moderate speeds (≈25–45 m/min) and copious coolant; never dwell in the cut.
Can 1.4951 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (78/100). Readily welded by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW with matching 310/25-20 filler; keep interpass low, use low heat input to limit hot cracking and sigma formation, no preheat, no post-weld heat treatment needed for heat service.
What surface finishes work on 1.4951?
Pickle and passivate after hot work or welding to restore the oxide scale-free surface; can be ground, brushed or electropolished — not anodizable.
Can 1.4951 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms well but needs ~50 % higher press loads than 304 and generous bend radii; hot work at 1150–1200 °C and finish above 950 °C, then solution anneal and water quench.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4951?
1.4951 is rated for continuous use to about 1,050°C (1,922 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4951 Annealed and 1.4951-CD?
Annealed is the default condition — standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar and tube; maximum ductility and best high-temperature/corrosion behaviour. CD: bar stock with better straightness, tolerance and chip control than annealed; strength raised by drawing. Yield strength is 290 MPa in Annealed versus 450 MPa in CD.
How much does 1.4951 cost?
1.4951 is a premium-cost stainless steel ($$$), cheaper than about 51% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- EN 10095 — Heat resisting steels and nickel alloys — CEN (2018)
- ASTM A240/A240M — Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip — ASTM (2022)
- ASTM A213 / A312 — Seamless austenitic stainless tube and pipe (TP310S) — ASTM (2022)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Outokumpu 4845/310S data sheet — Outokumpu (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.