Stainless Steel 1.4411
EN 1.4411
1.4411 (GX4CrNiMo16-5-2) is the higher-molybdenum member of the 16Cr-5Ni soft martensitic cast stainless family, available as-cast, homogenised, quenched-and-tempered, HIP treated or in a sour-service temper.
Reference datasheet — 1.4411 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the QT1 condition
1.4411 tempers and conditions
1.4411 is supplied in 6 conditions, soft to hard. QT1 is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
QT ≤23 HRC | Over-tempered variant used where NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 hardness limits apply to wetted castings. | 570 | 790 | 20 | 21 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
QT1Default Austenitized ~1020 °C, air quenched, double tempered ~600–620 °C | Standard delivery condition of EN 10283/EN 10213 castings — best balance of 540 MPa+ yield, high impact toughness and weld repairability. | 620 | 850 | 18 | 28 HRC | — |
hot isostatically pressed casting, then quenched and tempered | Specified for fatigue-critical or radiographically strict castings; HIP closes microporosity and lifts ductility/toughness. | 640 | 880 | 21 | 29 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
Quenched and tempered at lower temperature for higher strength | Pick when higher yield is required for shafts, runner blades or highly loaded valve internals and some toughness can be traded away. | 800 | 980 | 14 | 34 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
Spheroidize annealed | Intermediate foundry condition only — hard untempered martensite, low toughness; never ship in this state. | 850 | 1,150 | 8 | 41 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
Hardened | Hardened but untempered stage of the QT cycle; used only as an intermediate before tempering or for hardness reference. | 950 | 1,250 | 7 | 44 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
What is 1.4411?
1.4411 (GX4CrNiMo16-5-2) is the higher-molybdenum member of the 16Cr-5Ni soft martensitic cast stainless family, available as-cast, homogenised, quenched-and-tempered, HIP treated or in a sour-service temper. It is chosen for pitting and crevice resistance in severe hydraulic and marine environments at about 620 MPa yield, 850 MPa tensile, 18% elongation and 275 HB (28 HRC), with weldability rated 70. Machinability is low (35) and service temperature is limited to 350 °C; where the extra molybdenum is not needed, 1.4405 or CA6NM (1.4317) are the cheaper choices. 1.4411 has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F). 1.4411 has a yield strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 850 MPa (123 ksi) — stronger than 88% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 18% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is 1.4411 used for?
- High-head hydraulic turbine runners
- Offshore pump castings
- Seawater-handling components
Advantages
- High strength — 620 MPa (89.9 ksi), better than 88% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Limited formability — 10/100, worse than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Limited service temperature — 350°C (662 °F), worse than 84% of stainless steel grades
- Limited ductility — 18%, worse than 83% of stainless steel grades
1.4411 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4411-QT1; bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4411 has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4411 has a yield strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 850 MPa (123 ksi) — stronger than 88% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 18% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4411 is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 17 W/m·K (9.82 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 71% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 10.5 µm/m·K (5.83 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4411 conducts electricity at 2.2 % IACS, worse than 61% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (55/100), worse than 71% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4411 takes about 55 MJ of energy and emits 4.2 kg of CO₂ — more than 50% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 70%.
Manufacturability8
1.4411's machinability is fair (35/100, better than 51% of stainless steel grades); weldability very good (70/100); formability not recommended (10/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the stainless steel family
Yield strength against density for every stainless steel grade FabDigit runs. 1.4411 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 1.4411
Is 1.4411 easy to machine?
Machine in the tempered condition with rigid setups, sharp carbide (or ceramic-free) tooling, moderate speed and heavy positive feed to cut under the work-hardened skin; flood coolant and avoid dwelling.
Can 1.4411 be welded?
Weld with matching low-carbon 16-5-2 or over-alloyed 309LMo/duplex filler, 100–160 °C preheat and interpass control, then a post-weld temper at ~590–620 °C to restore toughness in the HAZ.
Can 1.4411 be formed, bent or molded?
Sand or investment cast with generous feeding on heavy sections; no cold forming — reshaping is done by hot work above 1000 °C followed by the full quench-and-double-temper cycle.
1.4411 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Clow carbon keeps martensite soft and weldable | ≤ 0.06 | 0.04 |
| Si | ≤ 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Mn | ≤ 1 | 0.7 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Cr | 15 – 17 | 16 |
| Ni | 4 – 6 | 5 |
| Modistinguishes 1.4411 from 1.4405 (0.7–1.5 Mo) | 1.5 – 2 | 1.7 |
| Nproducer practice; not always specified | ≤ 0.06 | 0.03 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 1.4411?
Grind/blast, then pickle and passivate (nitric or citric) to restore the passive film; can be electropolished or mirror-polished for cavitation-resistant hydraulic surfaces, and accepts hard-chrome or thermal-spray overlays.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on stainless steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Passivation
Organic Coating
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Stainless Steel 1.4411 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- GX4CrNiMo16-5-2
How much does 1.4411 cost?
1.4411 is a premium-cost stainless steel ($$$), cheaper than about 51% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
1.4411 — frequently asked
What is 1.4411 used for?
1.4411 is typically used for high-head hydraulic turbine runners, offshore pump castings and seawater-handling components. In short: highest-Mo soft martensitic; sour-service capable casting; best pitting resistance here.
What is the yield strength of 1.4411?
1.4411 has a typical yield strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 850 MPa (123 ksi) — stronger than 88% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 1.4411 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (35/100, better than 51% of stainless steel grades). Machine in the tempered condition with rigid setups, sharp carbide (or ceramic-free) tooling, moderate speed and heavy positive feed to cut under the work-hardened skin; flood coolant and avoid dwelling.
Can 1.4411 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (70/100). Weld with matching low-carbon 16-5-2 or over-alloyed 309LMo/duplex filler, 100–160 °C preheat and interpass control, then a post-weld temper at ~590–620 °C to restore toughness in the HAZ.
What surface finishes work on 1.4411?
Grind/blast, then pickle and passivate (nitric or citric) to restore the passive film; can be electropolished or mirror-polished for cavitation-resistant hydraulic surfaces, and accepts hard-chrome or thermal-spray overlays.
Can 1.4411 be formed, bent or molded?
Sand or investment cast with generous feeding on heavy sections; no cold forming — reshaping is done by hot work above 1000 °C followed by the full quench-and-double-temper cycle.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4411?
1.4411 is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4411-QT1 and 1.4411-H?
QT1 is the default condition — standard delivery condition of EN 10283/EN 10213 castings — best balance of 540 MPa+ yield, high impact toughness and weld repairability. H: hardened but untempered stage of the QT cycle; used only as an intermediate before tempering or for hardness reference. Yield strength is 620 MPa in QT1 versus 950 MPa in H.
How much does 1.4411 cost?
1.4411 is a premium-cost stainless steel ($$$), cheaper than about 51% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- EN 10283 — Corrosion resistant steel castings — CEN (2010)
- EN 10213 — Steel castings for pressure purposes — CEN (2016)
- ASTM A743/A743M — Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel corrosion resistant (CA6NM family reference) — ASTM (2019)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1: Properties and Selection — Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Soft-martensitic cast stainless steel data (16Cr-5Ni-Mo hydro and pump castings) — Steel foundry datasheets (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.