Stainless Steel 310 · heat-treated state · default condition
Stainless Steel 310 Solution Annealed
Properties of the Solution Annealed condition, compared with the other 310 tempers.
Standard supply condition for 310/310S plate, sheet, bar and tube — maximum ductility, homogeneous carbide-free austenite before high-temperature service.
What is 310 Solution Annealed?
310 Solution Annealed is 310 heat treated to Solution Annealed — standard supply condition for 310/310S plate, sheet, bar and tube — maximum ductility, homogeneous carbide-free austenite before high-temperature service. 310 Solution Annealed has a yield strength of 310 MPa (45 ksi) and a tensile strength of 655 MPa (95 ksi) — weaker than 63% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 310 Solution Annealed has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 67% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Advantages
- High service temperature — 1,050°C (1,922 °F), better than 91% of stainless steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 70/100, better than 78% of stainless steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 45%, better than 76% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Hard to polish — 60/100, worse than 80% of stainless steel grades
- High embodied carbon — 5.5 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 77% of stainless steel grades
310 Solution Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 310 Solution Annealed — 12 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every 310 temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the stainless steel grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
310 Solution Annealed has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 67% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical16
310 Solution Annealed has a yield strength of 310 MPa (45 ksi) and a tensile strength of 655 MPa (95 ksi) — weaker than 63% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
310 Solution Annealed is rated for continuous service to 1,050°C (1,922 °F). It conducts heat at 14.2 W/m·K (8.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 76% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 15.9 µm/m·K (8.83 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
310 Solution Annealed conducts electricity at 2.2 % IACS, worse than 61% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (68/100), better than 63% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 310 Solution Annealed takes about 62 MJ of energy and emits 5.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 75% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 45%.
Manufacturability7
310 Solution Annealed's machinability is fair (35/100, better than 51% of stainless steel grades); weldability good (65/100); formability very good (70/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other 310 tempers and conditions
310 is also supplied in 5 other conditions. The full side-by-side table is on the 310 overview.
- Solution AnnealedDefaultStandard supply condition for 310/310S plate, sheet, bar and tube — maximum ductility, homogeneous carbide-free austenite before high-temperature service.310 MPa yield · 150 HB
- Cold DrawnChoose for close-tolerance bar, studs and fasteners needing higher strength and a bright finish at room temperature; ductility and creep-relevant softness reduced until first high-temperature exposure.550 MPa yield · 220 HB
- Cold WorkedLight temper-rolled strip or spring-back stock where extra room-temperature yield strength and flatness are needed; anneal before high-temperature service to avoid recrystallisation distortion.520 MPa yield · 24 HRC
- cold_finished310 bar cold drawn then ground/polished to size — higher strength and better surface/tolerance than hot rolled, austenite stays essentially non-magnetic.415 MPa yield · 200 HB
- Hot RolledPick for heavy plate and hot-finished bar where a final anneal is not required because the part sees high-temperature service anyway.340 MPa yield · 170 HB
- AnnealedGeneric soft annealed condition sold as plate, coil (2B/No.1) and hot-finished bar; mechanically equivalent to solution annealed for this grade.305 MPa yield · 150 HB
Working with 310 Solution Annealed
Is 310 easy to machine?
Gummy and strongly work-hardening: use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, 25–60 m/min with heavy feed, never dwell, and flood with high-lubricity coolant to avoid glazing.
Can 310 be welded?
GTAW/GMAW/SMAW with matching 310/25-20 filler; fully austenitic weld metal is hot-crack sensitive, so keep low heat input, limit interpass temperature and avoid dilution with high-carbon or high-S base material — no preheat, no post-weld heat treatment needed.
Can 310 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms well but needs ~50 % more press force than 304 and allowance for high springback; hot work at 1150–1200 °C and follow with 1040–1120 °C solution anneal.
What surface finishes work on 310?
Pickle and passivate after hot work or welding to restore the Cr-rich film; grinding, brushing and electropolishing are all practical, anodizing is not applicable.
310 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C310S limits C ≤0.08; EN 1.4841 is 0.10–0.20 with higher Si | ≤ 0.25 | 0.12 |
| SiEN 1.4841: 1.5–2.5 Si for extra oxidation resistance | ≤ 1.5 | 0.6 |
| Mn | ≤ 2 | 1.3 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Cr | 24 – 26 | 25 |
| Ni | 19 – 22 | 20.5 |
| Febalance, ≈52 % | balance | — |
310 Solution Annealed — frequently asked
What is 310 Solution Annealed used for?
310 Solution Annealed is typically used for heat treatment baskets and fixtures, furnace retorts and muffles, radiant tubes, burner nozzles and sleeves, cement kiln parts and petrochemical high-temperature ducting. In short: extreme oxidation resistance.
What is the yield strength of 310 Solution Annealed?
310 Solution Annealed has a typical yield strength of 310 MPa (45 ksi) and a tensile strength of 655 MPa (95 ksi) — weaker than 63% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 310 Solution Annealed easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (35/100, better than 51% of stainless steel grades). Gummy and strongly work-hardening: use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, 25–60 m/min with heavy feed, never dwell, and flood with high-lubricity coolant to avoid glazing.
Can 310 Solution Annealed be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (65/100). GTAW/GMAW/SMAW with matching 310/25-20 filler; fully austenitic weld metal is hot-crack sensitive, so keep low heat input, limit interpass temperature and avoid dilution with high-carbon or high-S base material — no preheat, no post-weld heat treatment needed.
What surface finishes work on 310 Solution Annealed?
Pickle and passivate after hot work or welding to restore the Cr-rich film; grinding, brushing and electropolishing are all practical, anodizing is not applicable.
Can 310 Solution Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms well but needs ~50 % more press force than 304 and allowance for high springback; hot work at 1150–1200 °C and follow with 1040–1120 °C solution anneal.
What is the maximum service temperature of 310 Solution Annealed?
310 Solution Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 1,050°C (1,922 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Can FabDigit make parts in 310 Solution Annealed?
Yes — 310 Solution Annealed is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A240/A240M — Cr and Cr-Ni Stainless Plate, Sheet and Strip (S31000/S31008) — ASTM International (2023)
- ASTM A276/A479 — Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes — ASTM International (2022)
- EN 10095 — Heat resisting steels and nickel alloys (1.4841, 1.4845) — CEN (2018)
- JIS G 4304 / G 4305 — Hot and cold rolled stainless steel plate (SUS310S) — JSA (2021)
- GB/T 4237 / GB/T 1220 — (0Cr25Ni20 / 06Cr25Ni20) — SAC (2015)
- ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels — ASM International (1994)
- Outokumpu Steel Grades 4841/4845 datasheet — Outokumpu (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.