Stainless Steel 1.4449
EN 1.4449
1.4449 (X3CrNiMo18-12-3, S31600/316) is a standard-carbon, molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless comparable to 316, used for structural and pressure parts that need corrosion resistance.
Reference datasheet — 1.4449 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the AT condition
1.4449 tempers and conditions
1.4449 is supplied in 7 conditions, soft to hard. AT is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hot rolled | Heavy plate and hot-finished bar/section for structural and pressure parts where surface finish is secondary. | 250 | 540 | 45 | 155 HB | 2.3 % IACS |
ATDefault Solution annealed | Standard stocked condition for plate, sheet, tube and forgings; best corrosion resistance and formability. | 260 | 560 | 45 | 160 HB | — |
Cold drawn | Bright bar for shafts and machined fittings; higher strength and better surface than hot-finished bar. | 450 | 690 | 25 | 18 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
1/4 Hard | Light cold work for stiffer sheet-metal parts still needing moderate bending. | 500 | 750 | 25 | 21 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
1/2 Hard | Choose for springy clips and load-bearing thin sheet with only gentle forming. | 650 | 900 | 12 | 28 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
3/4 Hard | High-strength strip for flat springs and shims where forming is minimal. | 800 | 1,030 | 8 | 32 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Full Hard | Maximum strength condition for spring wire, straps and cut blanks; essentially no formability. | 1,000 | 1,200 | 5 | 38 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
What is 1.4449?
1.4449 (X3CrNiMo18-12-3, S31600/316) is a standard-carbon, molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless comparable to 316, used for structural and pressure parts that need corrosion resistance. It is available solution annealed, hot rolled, cold drawn and in cold-worked tempers from 1/4H to full hard, with annealed values of 260 MPa yield, 560 MPa tensile, 45 % elongation and 160 HB. Scaling resistance extends to about 800 °C, but the unrestricted carbon makes thick welded sections liable to sensitization on prolonged 500–800 °C exposure; 316L is the alternative for welded corrosion duty. 1.4449 has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,370°C (2,498 °F). 1.4449 has a yield strength of 260 MPa (37.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 560 MPa (81.2 ksi) — weaker than 84% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is 1.4449 used for?
- pressure vessels
- structural fittings
- chemical equipment
- marine hardware
Advantages
- Forms and bends easily — 85/100, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 80/100, better than 89% of stainless steel grades
- Readily welded — 85/100, better than 87% of stainless steel grades
- Good corrosion resistance — 78/100, better than 84% of stainless steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 45%, better than 76% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 260 MPa (37.7 ksi), worse than 84% of stainless steel grades
1.4449 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4449-AT; bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4449 has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,370°C (2,498 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4449 has a yield strength of 260 MPa (37.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 560 MPa (81.2 ksi) — weaker than 84% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4449 is rated for continuous service to 800°C (1,472 °F). It conducts heat at 15 W/m·K (8.67 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 59% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 16 µm/m·K (8.89 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4449 conducts electricity at 2.3 % IACS, better than 55% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is very good (78/100), better than 84% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4449 takes about 53 MJ of energy and emits 4.6 kg of CO₂ — less than 67% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability8
1.4449's machinability is fair (40/100, better than 72% of stainless steel grades); weldability excellent (85/100); formability excellent (85/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the stainless steel family
Yield strength against density for every stainless steel grade FabDigit runs. 1.4449 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 1.4449
Is 1.4449 easy to machine?
Gummy, work-hardening austenitic: use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide, 60–120 m/min, heavy positive feed to avoid dwell, and flood coolant to prevent built-up edge.
Can 1.4449 be welded?
Readily welded by TIG/MIG/SMAW/laser with 316L or 318 (E/ER 316L, 19 12 3 L) filler, no preheat, low interpass temperature; standard carbon means avoid prolonged 500–800 °C exposure to prevent sensitization of thick sections.
Can 1.4449 be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent cold formability for deep drawing and bending but high work hardening and springback — allow 30–50 % more press force than carbon steel and interstage anneal at 1050–1100 °C for severe draws.
1.4449 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Cstandard-carbon Mo grade | ≤ 0.04 | 0.03 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.5 |
| Mn | ≤ 2 | 1.5 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| S | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Cr | 17 – 19 | 18 |
| Ni | 11 – 14 | 12 |
| Mo | 2.5 – 3 | 2.7 |
| N | ≤ 0.11 | 0.05 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 1.4449?
Not anodizable; finish by pickling and passivation after welding, electropolishing for hygienic surfaces, or mechanical grinding/bright polishing (2B, No.4, mirror No.8).
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on stainless steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Passivation
Organic Coating
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Stainless Steel 1.4449 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
How much does 1.4449 cost?
1.4449 is a standard-cost stainless steel ($$), cheaper than about 71% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
1.4449 — frequently asked
What is 1.4449 used for?
1.4449 is typically used for pressure vessels, structural fittings, chemical equipment and marine hardware. In short: structural 316 grade; cold-worked tempers to full hard; higher temperature tolerance.
What is the yield strength of 1.4449?
1.4449 has a typical yield strength of 260 MPa (37.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 560 MPa (81.2 ksi) — weaker than 84% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is 1.4449 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (40/100, better than 72% of stainless steel grades). Gummy, work-hardening austenitic: use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide, 60–120 m/min, heavy positive feed to avoid dwell, and flood coolant to prevent built-up edge.
Can 1.4449 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (85/100). Readily welded by TIG/MIG/SMAW/laser with 316L or 318 (E/ER 316L, 19 12 3 L) filler, no preheat, low interpass temperature; standard carbon means avoid prolonged 500–800 °C exposure to prevent sensitization of thick sections.
What surface finishes work on 1.4449?
Not anodizable; finish by pickling and passivation after welding, electropolishing for hygienic surfaces, or mechanical grinding/bright polishing (2B, No.4, mirror No.8).
Can 1.4449 be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent cold formability for deep drawing and bending but high work hardening and springback — allow 30–50 % more press force than carbon steel and interstage anneal at 1050–1100 °C for severe draws.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4449?
1.4449 is rated for continuous use to about 800°C (1,472 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4449-AT and 1.4449 CWFH?
AT is the default condition — standard stocked condition for plate, sheet, tube and forgings; best corrosion resistance and formability. CWFH: maximum strength condition for spring wire, straps and cut blanks; essentially no formability. Yield strength is 260 MPa in AT versus 1,000 MPa in CWFH.
How much does 1.4449 cost?
1.4449 is a standard-cost stainless steel ($$), cheaper than about 71% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- EN 10088-1 Stainless steels — List of stainless steels — CEN (2014)
- EN 10088-2 Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip — CEN (2014)
- ASTM A240/A276 (S31600/316 comparable grade) — ASTM (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels — ASM International (1990)
- Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook / grade datasheets 4401-4436 — Outokumpu (2020)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.