Stainless Steel 1.4596
EN 1.4596
1.4596 (X1CrNiMoAlTi12-10-2, also listed as 1.4530 / S13800) is a higher-nickel member of the 12Cr-Ni-Mo-Al-Ti retaining-ring precipitation-hardening stainless family, tuned for a different strength/toughness balance in turbogenerator rotor rings.
Reference datasheet — 1.4596 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the +P1400 condition
1.4596 tempers and conditions
1.4596 is supplied in 5 conditions, soft to hard. +P1400 is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solution annealed | Choose the solution-annealed state (solution treated ~830-900 °C and cooled to soft martensite) for machining, forming or welding before precipitation hardening; strength stays at 750 MPa yield until aged. | 750 | 950 | 18 | 31 HRC | — |
Precipitation hardened, Rm ≥ 1200 MPa | Over-aged, toughest hardened condition — pick when impact energy, K_IC and SCC resistance matter more than peak strength. | 1,130 | 1,260 | 15 | 39 HRC | — |
Precipitation hardened, Rm ≥ 1300 MPa | Balanced strength/toughness aging step for shafts and rotor components with moderate impact requirements. | 1,250 | 1,360 | 14 | 42 HRC | — |
+P1400Default Precipitation hardened, Rm ≥ 1400 MPa | Most commonly stocked hardened condition — the standard high-strength/high-toughness combination for retaining rings, aerospace shafts and fasteners. | 1,350 | 1,470 | 12 | 45 HRC | — |
Precipitation hardened, Rm ≥ 1500 MPa | Peak-aged maximum-strength condition for highly loaded fasteners and rings where ductility and hydrogen-embrittlement margin can be traded away. | 1,460 | 1,560 | 10 | 48 HRC | — |
What is 1.4596?
1.4596 (X1CrNiMoAlTi12-10-2, also listed as 1.4530 / S13800) is a higher-nickel member of the 12Cr-Ni-Mo-Al-Ti retaining-ring precipitation-hardening stainless family, tuned for a different strength/toughness balance in turbogenerator rotor rings. In the default aged condition it gives 1350 MPa yield, 1470 MPa tensile, 12 % elongation and 45 HRC (430 HB), and it is supplied as heavy forgings, rings and bar in +AT plus +P1200 to +P1500 tempers. Carbon below 0.03 % keeps it weldable for its strength class (60/100), but formability (15/100) and machinability (30/100) are low, corrosion resistance (55/100) is below standard austenitics and service is limited to 400 °C. For higher strength in the same series, see 1.4612. 1.4596 has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), heavier than 50% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F). 1.4596 has a yield strength of 1,350 MPa (196 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,470 MPa (213 ksi) — stronger than 99% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is 1.4596 used for?
- generator retaining rings
- rotor hardware
- high-strength forgings
Advantages
- High strength — 1,350 MPa (196 ksi), better than 99% of stainless steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 80/100, better than 89% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Limited ductility — 12%, worse than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Limited formability — 15/100, worse than 91% of stainless steel grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 1.9 % IACS, worse than 84% of stainless steel grades
- High embodied carbon — 5.6 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 83% of stainless steel grades
- Limited service temperature — 400°C (752 °F), worse than 78% of stainless steel grades
1.4596 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4596-+P1400; bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4596 has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), heavier than 50% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4596 has a yield strength of 1,350 MPa (196 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,470 MPa (213 ksi) — stronger than 99% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4596 is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 16 W/m·K (9.24 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 58% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 10.8 µm/m·K (6 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4596 conducts electricity at 1.9 % IACS, worse than 84% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (55/100), worse than 71% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4596 takes about 70 MJ of energy and emits 5.6 kg of CO₂ — more than 81% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
1.4596's machinability is poor (30/100, worse than 70% of stainless steel grades); weldability good (60/100); formability poor (15/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the stainless steel family
Yield strength against density for every stainless steel grade FabDigit runs. 1.4596 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 1.4596
Is 1.4596 easy to machine?
Machine in +AT condition where possible: rigid setups, sharp carbide, positive rake, 25–60 m/min, heavy flood coolant; aged 45 HRC material needs coated carbide/CBN and light depths of cut.
Can 1.4596 be welded?
Very weldable for its strength class thanks to <0.03 % C — GTAW/EB/laser with matching or PH13-8Mo filler, no preheat, then re-solution treat and re-age for full joint strength.
Can 1.4596 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form or hot forge only in the solution-annealed state (forging 1150–950 °C, air cool to martensite); aged material is essentially non-formable.
1.4596 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Cultra-low carbon, VIM/VAR melted | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Si | ≤ 0.25 | 0.1 |
| Mn | ≤ 0.25 | 0.1 |
| P | ≤ 0.02 | |
| S | ≤ 0.01 | |
| Cr | 11 – 12.5 | 11.8 |
| Nihigher Ni than 13-8Mo/S13800 | 9 – 10.5 | 9.8 |
| Mo | 1.5 – 2.5 | 2 |
| TiNi3(Ti,Al) precipitation former | 0.15 – 0.45 | 0.3 |
| Al | 0.1 – 0.5 | 0.35 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 1.4596?
Passivate per ASTM A967 or electropolish after machining; takes a fine polish; avoid electroplating at high strength levels or bake immediately to prevent hydrogen embrittlement.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on stainless steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Passivation
Organic Coating
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Stainless Steel 1.4596 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- X1CrNiMoAlTi12-10-2
- Similar grades
- 1.4530S13800
How much does 1.4596 cost?
1.4596 is a high-cost stainless steel ($$$$), pricier than about 78% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
1.4596 — frequently asked
What is 1.4596 used for?
1.4596 is typically used for generator retaining rings, rotor hardware and high-strength forgings. In short: weldable at 1470 MPa; retaining-ring PH stainless; very low carbon.
What is the yield strength of 1.4596?
1.4596 has a typical yield strength of 1,350 MPa (196 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,470 MPa (213 ksi) — stronger than 99% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 1.4596 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (30/100, worse than 70% of stainless steel grades). Machine in +AT condition where possible: rigid setups, sharp carbide, positive rake, 25–60 m/min, heavy flood coolant; aged 45 HRC material needs coated carbide/CBN and light depths of cut.
Can 1.4596 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (60/100). Very weldable for its strength class thanks to <0.03 % C — GTAW/EB/laser with matching or PH13-8Mo filler, no preheat, then re-solution treat and re-age for full joint strength.
What surface finishes work on 1.4596?
Passivate per ASTM A967 or electropolish after machining; takes a fine polish; avoid electroplating at high strength levels or bake immediately to prevent hydrogen embrittlement.
Can 1.4596 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form or hot forge only in the solution-annealed state (forging 1150–950 °C, air cool to martensite); aged material is essentially non-formable.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4596?
1.4596 is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
How much does 1.4596 cost?
1.4596 is a high-cost stainless steel ($$$$), pricier than about 78% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- EN 10088-3 Stainless steels — Semi-finished products, bars, rods, sections — CEN (2014)
- EN 10088-1 Stainless steels — List of stainless steels (physical properties) — CEN (2014)
- Marval X12 / X1CrNiMoAlTi12-10-2 precipitation hardening stainless bar — Aubert & Duval (2021)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys (PH stainless steels) — ASM International (1990)
- ASTM A564/A564M & UNS S13800 (13-8 Mo) related PH stainless requirements — ASTM (2019)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.