Stainless Steel 1.4432
EN 1.4432
1.4432 (X2CrNiMo17-12-3) is a low-carbon molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless of the 316L family, cross-referenced to S31673 and 022Cr17Ni12Mo2, with molybdenum at the upper end of the 316L range for improved pitting resistance.
Reference datasheet — 1.4432 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the A condition
1.4432 tempers and conditions
1.4432 is supplied in 12 conditions, soft to hard. A is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 12 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forged + solution annealed (bar, ring, flange) | Condition for forged flanges, valve bodies and thick rings supplied to EN 10222-5 / ASTM A182 F316L practice. | 270 | 540 | 45 | 150 HB | 2.3 % IACS |
ADefault Solution annealed | Standard stocked condition for plate, bar, pipe and forgings — maximum corrosion resistance, formability and toughness. | 290 | 570 | 50 | 150 HB | — |
As-welded deposit | Representative properties of welded joints used as-welded without post-weld solution treatment — normal practice for this low-carbon grade. | 320 | 550 | 35 | 175 HB | 2.2 % IACS |
Cold worked strip/sheet, strength class Rm 700–850 MPa | Lowest EN 10088-2 cold-worked class; use when moderate extra strength is needed with usable ductility. | 430 | 770 | 25 | 22 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Stress relieved | Use to reduce residual stress in cold-drawn bar/tube (SCC risk reduction) while keeping most of the cold-worked strength. | 470 | 680 | 28 | 15 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Pick for machined parts and fasteners needing tighter tolerance, better surface and roughly 1.6× the annealed yield. | 500 | 700 | 25 | 17 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Quarter hard | US-spec quarter-hard sheet/strip when a defined minimum 515 MPa yield is required. | 550 | 900 | 12 | 25 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Cold worked strip/sheet, strength class Rm 850–1000 MPa | Mid cold-worked class for springs, clamps and structural strip where formability can be sacrificed. | 600 | 920 | 15 | 28 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Half hard | US-spec half-hard sheet/strip for structural stampings needing ≥760 MPa yield. | 790 | 1,070 | 7 | 32 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Cold worked strip, strength class Rm 1000–1150 MPa | High cold-worked class for thin strip springs and flat wire; bending capability is very limited. | 820 | 1,070 | 8 | 33 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Cold worked thin strip, strength class Rm ≥1150 MPa | Maximum cold-rolled strength class, thin gauge only — for flat springs and shims, essentially non-formable. | 950 | 1,220 | 4 | 37 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Full hard | Maximum-strength US cold-rolled condition; select only for flat, essentially unformed parts. | 1,010 | 1,310 | 4 | 38 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Supply forms, finishes and certifications
Ways 1.4432 is supplied — form, process route, surface or paperwork — without a datasheet of their own. The property values above apply.
| Option | What it is | Type |
|---|---|---|
1D | Hot rolled, solution annealed, pickled plate | Surface finish |
2B | Cold rolled, annealed, pickled, lightly skin-passed sheet | Surface finish |
BA | BA | Surface finish |
What is 1.4432?
1.4432 (X2CrNiMo17-12-3) is a low-carbon molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless of the 316L family, cross-referenced to S31673 and 022Cr17Ni12Mo2, with molybdenum at the upper end of the 316L range for improved pitting resistance. Annealed properties are 290 MPa yield, 570 MPa tensile, 50 % elongation and 150 HB; forms include 2B, BA and 1D sheet, cold-drawn bar and wire in C700–C1150 and 1/4H to full-hard tempers, plus forgings and welded product. Service is limited to about 550 °C and chloride pitting resistance remains moderate — step up to a 6Mo superaustenitic such as S31254 for warm seawater. 1.4432 has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,385°C (2,525 °F). 1.4432 has a yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 570 MPa (82.7 ksi) — weaker than 72% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 50% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is 1.4432 used for?
- pharmaceutical piping
- marine hardware
- chemical processing vessels
- food equipment
Advantages
- Readily welded — 92/100, better than 98% of stainless steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 85/100, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 82/100, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 50%, better than 90% of stainless steel grades
- Good corrosion resistance — 74/100, better than 78% of stainless steel grades
1.4432 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4432-A; bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4432 has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,385°C (2,525 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4432 has a yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 570 MPa (82.7 ksi) — weaker than 72% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 50% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4432 is rated for continuous service to 550°C (1,022 °F). It conducts heat at 15 W/m·K (8.67 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 59% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 16 µm/m·K (8.89 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4432 conducts electricity at 2.3 % IACS, better than 55% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is very good (74/100), better than 78% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4432 takes about 55 MJ of energy and emits 4.2 kg of CO₂ — more than 50% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability6
1.4432's machinability is fair (40/100, better than 72% of stainless steel grades); weldability excellent (92/100); formability excellent (85/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the stainless steel family
Yield strength against density for every stainless steel grade FabDigit runs. 1.4432 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 1.4432
Is 1.4432 easy to machine?
Gummy and strongly work-hardening: use rigid setups, positive-rake coated carbide, high feed with reduced speed (~60–120 m/min), copious coolant and no dwelling to avoid glazing.
Can 1.4432 be welded?
Excellent with GTAW/GMAW/SMAW using 316L/318 or over-alloyed 317L filler; keep interpass temperature low, use Ar-based backing gas, no post-weld anneal needed thanks to ≤0.03 % C.
Can 1.4432 be formed, bent or molded?
Deep drawable and bendable in the annealed state but needs ~50 % more press force than carbon steel and generous springback allowance; intermediate anneal for severe multi-stage draws.
1.4432 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Clow carbon, resists sensitization | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.5 |
| Mn | ≤ 2 | 1.4 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| S0.030 max allowed for machining grades in some deliveries | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| N | ≤ 0.11 | 0.05 |
| Cr | 16.5 – 18.5 | 17.5 |
| Ni | 10.5 – 13 | 11.5 |
| Monarrower, higher band than 1.4404/316L | 2.5 – 3 | 2.8 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 1.4432?
Pickle and passivate (nitric or citric) after welding/grinding to restore the passive film; takes 2B, brushed, BA and mirror polish finishes well; electropolishing is standard for pharma/semiconductor surfaces. Not anodizable.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on stainless steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Passivation
Organic Coating
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Stainless Steel 1.4432 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- X2CrNiMo17-12-3
- Similar grades
- S31673316L022Cr17Ni12Mo2
How much does 1.4432 cost?
1.4432 is a standard-cost stainless steel ($$), cheaper than about 71% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
1.4432 — frequently asked
What is 1.4432 used for?
1.4432 is typically used for pharmaceutical piping, marine hardware, chemical processing vessels and food equipment. In short: top-of-range Mo 316L; weldable without post-weld anneal; below 6Mo in chlorides.
What is the yield strength of 1.4432?
1.4432 has a typical yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 570 MPa (82.7 ksi) — weaker than 72% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 12 listed tempers.
Is 1.4432 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (40/100, better than 72% of stainless steel grades). Gummy and strongly work-hardening: use rigid setups, positive-rake coated carbide, high feed with reduced speed (~60–120 m/min), copious coolant and no dwelling to avoid glazing.
Can 1.4432 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (92/100). Excellent with GTAW/GMAW/SMAW using 316L/318 or over-alloyed 317L filler; keep interpass temperature low, use Ar-based backing gas, no post-weld anneal needed thanks to ≤0.03 % C.
What surface finishes work on 1.4432?
Pickle and passivate (nitric or citric) after welding/grinding to restore the passive film; takes 2B, brushed, BA and mirror polish finishes well; electropolishing is standard for pharma/semiconductor surfaces. Not anodizable.
Can 1.4432 be formed, bent or molded?
Deep drawable and bendable in the annealed state but needs ~50 % more press force than carbon steel and generous springback allowance; intermediate anneal for severe multi-stage draws.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4432?
1.4432 is rated for continuous use to about 550°C (1,022 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4432-A and 1.4432-FH?
A is the default condition — standard stocked condition for plate, bar, pipe and forgings — maximum corrosion resistance, formability and toughness. FH: maximum-strength US cold-rolled condition; select only for flat, essentially unformed parts. Yield strength is 290 MPa in A versus 1,010 MPa in FH.
How much does 1.4432 cost?
1.4432 is a standard-cost stainless steel ($$), cheaper than about 71% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- EN 10088-1/-2/-3 Stainless steels — grade X2CrNiMo17-12-3 (1.4432) — CEN (2014)
- ASTM A240 / A666 / A182 (316L equivalents) — ASTM International (2023)
- GB/T 20878 / GB/T 4237 — 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 — SAC (2015)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties of Stainless Steels — ASM International (1990)
- Outokumpu Supra 316L/4432 datasheet & Corrosion Handbook — Outokumpu (2022)
- Sandvik / Alleima austenitic grade data (316L, 3R60) — Alleima (2023)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.