Stainless Steel 1.4951-CD (Cold drawn)
Supply condition
EN 1.4951
Bar stock with better straightness, tolerance and chip control than annealed; strength raised by drawing.
Values for the CD condition
Other 1.4951 tempers and conditions
1.4951 is listed in 5 conditions; see the grade overview at 1.4951.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forged + solution annealed (bar, ring, flange, forged block) | Heavy sections such as furnace rolls, hangers and flanges; anneal after forging to dissolve carbides. | 270 | 580 | 45 | 155 HB | 2.2 % IACS |
AnnealedDefault solution annealed (1050–1150 °C, rapid cool) + pickled | Standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar and tube; maximum ductility and best high-temperature/corrosion behaviour. | 290 | 620 | 45 | 150 HB | — |
CDThis page Cold drawn | Bar stock with better straightness, tolerance and chip control than annealed; strength raised by drawing. | 450 | 700 | 30 | 14 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
Quarter hard | Cold-worked strip when moderate room-temperature strength and springback are wanted; not for high-temperature service. | 520 | 860 | 15 | 25 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
Half hard | Highest commonly stocked cold-worked temper; use for high-strength flat parts, accepting low ductility. | 760 | 1,035 | 10 | 32 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
What is 1.4951-CD?
1.4951-CD is 1.4951 supplied in the CD condition — bar stock with better straightness, tolerance and chip control than annealed; strength raised by drawing. 1.4951-CD has a yield strength of 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) — stronger than 70% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 30% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 1.4951-CD has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F). Annealed is the default condition FabDigit quotes; CD is available on request or by drawing note.
Limitations
- High embodied carbon — 5.5 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 77% of stainless steel grades
1.4951-CD properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4951-CD; 24 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1.4951 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4951-CD has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4951-CD has a yield strength of 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) — stronger than 70% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 30% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4951-CD is rated for continuous service to 600°C (1,112 °F). It conducts heat at 14.2 W/m·K (8.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 76% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 15.9 µm/m·K (8.83 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4951-CD conducts electricity at 2.2 % IACS, worse than 61% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is very good (70/100), better than 68% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4951-CD takes about 75 MJ of energy and emits 5.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 84% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability7
1.4951-CD's machinability is fair (36/100, better than 57% of stainless steel grades); weldability very good (78/100); formability good (55/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1.4951-CD
Is 1.4951 easy to machine?
Gummy and strongly work-hardening — use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, heavy feeds, low-to-moderate speeds (≈25–45 m/min) and copious coolant; never dwell in the cut.
Can 1.4951 be welded?
Readily welded by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW with matching 310/25-20 filler; keep interpass low, use low heat input to limit hot cracking and sigma formation, no preheat, no post-weld heat treatment needed for heat service.
Can 1.4951 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms well but needs ~50 % higher press loads than 304 and generous bend radii; hot work at 1150–1200 °C and finish above 950 °C, then solution anneal and water quench.
What surface finishes work on 1.4951?
Pickle and passivate after hot work or welding to restore the oxide scale-free surface; can be ground, brushed or electropolished — not anodizable.
1.4951 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Clow-carbon 'S' type for weldability | ≤ 0.08 | 0.05 |
| SiSi raises oxidation resistance | ≤ 1.5 | 0.7 |
| Mn | ≤ 2 | 1.2 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| S | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Cr | 24 – 26 | 25 |
| Ni | 19 – 22 | 20 |
| N | ≤ 0.11 | 0.04 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1.4951-CD — frequently asked
What is 1.4951-CD used for?
1.4951-CD is typically used for furnace parts, heat treatment fixtures, high-temperature process equipment, kiln components and radiant tubes. In short: low-carbon 25Cr-20Ni; carburisation-resistant furnace grade; weld-friendlier than 1.4845.
What is the yield strength of 1.4951-CD?
1.4951-CD has a typical yield strength of 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) — stronger than 70% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 1.4951-CD easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (36/100, better than 57% of stainless steel grades). Gummy and strongly work-hardening — use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, heavy feeds, low-to-moderate speeds (≈25–45 m/min) and copious coolant; never dwell in the cut.
Can 1.4951-CD be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (78/100). Readily welded by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW with matching 310/25-20 filler; keep interpass low, use low heat input to limit hot cracking and sigma formation, no preheat, no post-weld heat treatment needed for heat service.
What surface finishes work on 1.4951-CD?
Pickle and passivate after hot work or welding to restore the oxide scale-free surface; can be ground, brushed or electropolished — not anodizable.
Can 1.4951-CD be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms well but needs ~50 % higher press loads than 304 and generous bend radii; hot work at 1150–1200 °C and finish above 950 °C, then solution anneal and water quench.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4951-CD?
1.4951-CD is rated for continuous use to about 600°C (1,112 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4951 Annealed and 1.4951-CD?
Annealed is the default condition — standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar and tube; maximum ductility and best high-temperature/corrosion behaviour. CD: bar stock with better straightness, tolerance and chip control than annealed; strength raised by drawing. Yield strength is 290 MPa in Annealed versus 450 MPa in CD.
Sources
- EN 10095 — Heat resisting steels and nickel alloys — CEN (2018)
- ASTM A240/A240M — Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip — ASTM (2022)
- ASTM A213 / A312 — Seamless austenitic stainless tube and pipe (TP310S) — ASTM (2022)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Outokumpu 4845/310S data sheet — Outokumpu (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.