Stainless Steel 1.4951 Annealed
Temper · default condition
EN 1.4951
Standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar and tube; maximum ductility and best high-temperature/corrosion behaviour.
Values for the Annealed condition
Other 1.4951 tempers and conditions
1.4951 is listed in 5 conditions; see the grade overview at 1.4951.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forged + solution annealed (bar, ring, flange, forged block) | Heavy sections such as furnace rolls, hangers and flanges; anneal after forging to dissolve carbides. | 270 | 580 | 45 | 155 HB | 2.2 % IACS |
AnnealedDefaultThis page solution annealed (1050–1150 °C, rapid cool) + pickled | Standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar and tube; maximum ductility and best high-temperature/corrosion behaviour. | 290 | 620 | 45 | 150 HB | — |
Cold drawn | Bar stock with better straightness, tolerance and chip control than annealed; strength raised by drawing. | 450 | 700 | 30 | 14 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
Quarter hard | Cold-worked strip when moderate room-temperature strength and springback are wanted; not for high-temperature service. | 520 | 860 | 15 | 25 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
Half hard | Highest commonly stocked cold-worked temper; use for high-strength flat parts, accepting low ductility. | 760 | 1,035 | 10 | 32 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
What is 1.4951 Annealed?
1.4951 Annealed is 1.4951 in the Annealed temper — standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar and tube; maximum ductility and best high-temperature/corrosion behaviour. 1.4951 Annealed has a yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 72% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 1.4951 Annealed has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Advantages
- Tough — resists crack growth — 220 MPa·√m (200.2 ksi·√in), better than 97% of stainless steel grades
- High service temperature — 1,050°C (1,922 °F), better than 91% of stainless steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 70/100, better than 79% of stainless steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 45%, better than 76% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- High embodied carbon — 5.5 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 77% of stainless steel grades
1.4951 Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4951 Annealed; 12 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1.4951 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4951 Annealed has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4951 Annealed has a yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 72% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4951 Annealed is rated for continuous service to 1,050°C (1,922 °F). It conducts heat at 14.2 W/m·K (8.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 76% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 15.9 µm/m·K (8.83 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4951 Annealed conducts electricity at 2.2 % IACS, worse than 61% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is very good (72/100), better than 73% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4951 Annealed takes about 75 MJ of energy and emits 5.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 84% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability7
1.4951 Annealed's machinability is poor (32/100, worse than 62% of stainless steel grades); weldability very good (78/100); formability very good (70/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1.4951 Annealed
Is 1.4951 easy to machine?
Gummy and strongly work-hardening — use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, heavy feeds, low-to-moderate speeds (≈25–45 m/min) and copious coolant; never dwell in the cut.
Can 1.4951 be welded?
Readily welded by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW with matching 310/25-20 filler; keep interpass low, use low heat input to limit hot cracking and sigma formation, no preheat, no post-weld heat treatment needed for heat service.
Can 1.4951 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms well but needs ~50 % higher press loads than 304 and generous bend radii; hot work at 1150–1200 °C and finish above 950 °C, then solution anneal and water quench.
What surface finishes work on 1.4951?
Pickle and passivate after hot work or welding to restore the oxide scale-free surface; can be ground, brushed or electropolished — not anodizable.
1.4951 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Clow-carbon 'S' type for weldability | ≤ 0.08 | 0.05 |
| SiSi raises oxidation resistance | ≤ 1.5 | 0.7 |
| Mn | ≤ 2 | 1.2 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| S | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Cr | 24 – 26 | 25 |
| Ni | 19 – 22 | 20 |
| N | ≤ 0.11 | 0.04 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1.4951 Annealed — frequently asked
What is 1.4951 Annealed used for?
1.4951 Annealed is typically used for furnace parts, heat treatment fixtures, high-temperature process equipment, kiln components and radiant tubes. In short: low-carbon 25Cr-20Ni; carburisation-resistant furnace grade; weld-friendlier than 1.4845.
What is the yield strength of 1.4951 Annealed?
1.4951 Annealed has a typical yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 72% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 1.4951 Annealed easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (32/100, worse than 62% of stainless steel grades). Gummy and strongly work-hardening — use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, heavy feeds, low-to-moderate speeds (≈25–45 m/min) and copious coolant; never dwell in the cut.
Can 1.4951 Annealed be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (78/100). Readily welded by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW with matching 310/25-20 filler; keep interpass low, use low heat input to limit hot cracking and sigma formation, no preheat, no post-weld heat treatment needed for heat service.
What surface finishes work on 1.4951 Annealed?
Pickle and passivate after hot work or welding to restore the oxide scale-free surface; can be ground, brushed or electropolished — not anodizable.
Can 1.4951 Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms well but needs ~50 % higher press loads than 304 and generous bend radii; hot work at 1150–1200 °C and finish above 950 °C, then solution anneal and water quench.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4951 Annealed?
1.4951 Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 1,050°C (1,922 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4951 Annealed and 1.4951-CD?
Annealed is the default condition — standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar and tube; maximum ductility and best high-temperature/corrosion behaviour. CD: bar stock with better straightness, tolerance and chip control than annealed; strength raised by drawing. Yield strength is 290 MPa in Annealed versus 450 MPa in CD.
Sources
- EN 10095 — Heat resisting steels and nickel alloys — CEN (2018)
- ASTM A240/A240M — Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip — ASTM (2022)
- ASTM A213 / A312 — Seamless austenitic stainless tube and pipe (TP310S) — ASTM (2022)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Outokumpu 4845/310S data sheet — Outokumpu (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.