Stainless Steel 1.4596 +P1400
Precip hard · default condition
EN 1.4596
+P1400 = precipitation hardened, Rm ≥ 1400 MPa
Most commonly stocked hardened condition — the standard high-strength/high-toughness combination for retaining rings, aerospace shafts and fasteners.
Values for the +P1400 condition
Other 1.4596 tempers and conditions
1.4596 is listed in 5 conditions; see the grade overview at 1.4596.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solution annealed | Choose the solution-annealed state (solution treated ~830-900 °C and cooled to soft martensite) for machining, forming or welding before precipitation hardening; strength stays at 750 MPa yield until aged. | 750 | 950 | 18 | 31 HRC | — |
Precipitation hardened, Rm ≥ 1200 MPa | Over-aged, toughest hardened condition — pick when impact energy, K_IC and SCC resistance matter more than peak strength. | 1,130 | 1,260 | 15 | 39 HRC | — |
Precipitation hardened, Rm ≥ 1300 MPa | Balanced strength/toughness aging step for shafts and rotor components with moderate impact requirements. | 1,250 | 1,360 | 14 | 42 HRC | — |
+P1400DefaultThis page Precipitation hardened, Rm ≥ 1400 MPa | Most commonly stocked hardened condition — the standard high-strength/high-toughness combination for retaining rings, aerospace shafts and fasteners. | 1,350 | 1,470 | 12 | 45 HRC | — |
Precipitation hardened, Rm ≥ 1500 MPa | Peak-aged maximum-strength condition for highly loaded fasteners and rings where ductility and hydrogen-embrittlement margin can be traded away. | 1,460 | 1,560 | 10 | 48 HRC | — |
What is 1.4596 +P1400?
1.4596 +P1400 is 1.4596 in the +P1400 condition — most commonly stocked hardened condition — the standard high-strength/high-toughness combination for retaining rings, aerospace shafts and fasteners. 1.4596 +P1400 has a yield strength of 1,350 MPa (196 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,470 MPa (213 ksi) — stronger than 99% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 1.4596 +P1400 has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), heavier than 50% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Advantages
- High strength — 1,350 MPa (196 ksi), better than 99% of stainless steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 80/100, better than 89% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Limited ductility — 12%, worse than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Limited formability — 15/100, worse than 91% of stainless steel grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 1.9 % IACS, worse than 84% of stainless steel grades
- High embodied carbon — 5.6 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 83% of stainless steel grades
- Limited service temperature — 400°C (752 °F), worse than 78% of stainless steel grades
1.4596 +P1400 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4596 +P1400; 19 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1.4596 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4596 +P1400 has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), heavier than 50% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4596 +P1400 has a yield strength of 1,350 MPa (196 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,470 MPa (213 ksi) — stronger than 99% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4596 +P1400 is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 16 W/m·K (9.24 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 58% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 10.8 µm/m·K (6 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4596 +P1400 conducts electricity at 1.9 % IACS, worse than 84% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (55/100), worse than 71% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4596 +P1400 takes about 70 MJ of energy and emits 5.6 kg of CO₂ — more than 81% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
1.4596 +P1400's machinability is poor (30/100, worse than 70% of stainless steel grades); weldability good (60/100); formability poor (15/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1.4596 +P1400
Is 1.4596 easy to machine?
Machine in +AT condition where possible: rigid setups, sharp carbide, positive rake, 25–60 m/min, heavy flood coolant; aged 45 HRC material needs coated carbide/CBN and light depths of cut.
Can 1.4596 be welded?
Very weldable for its strength class thanks to <0.03 % C — GTAW/EB/laser with matching or PH13-8Mo filler, no preheat, then re-solution treat and re-age for full joint strength.
Can 1.4596 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form or hot forge only in the solution-annealed state (forging 1150–950 °C, air cool to martensite); aged material is essentially non-formable.
What surface finishes work on 1.4596?
Passivate per ASTM A967 or electropolish after machining; takes a fine polish; avoid electroplating at high strength levels or bake immediately to prevent hydrogen embrittlement.
1.4596 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Cultra-low carbon, VIM/VAR melted | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Si | ≤ 0.25 | 0.1 |
| Mn | ≤ 0.25 | 0.1 |
| P | ≤ 0.02 | — |
| S | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Cr | 11 – 12.5 | 11.8 |
| Nihigher Ni than 13-8Mo/S13800 | 9 – 10.5 | 9.8 |
| Mo | 1.5 – 2.5 | 2 |
| TiNi3(Ti,Al) precipitation former | 0.15 – 0.45 | 0.3 |
| Al | 0.1 – 0.5 | 0.35 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1.4596 +P1400 — frequently asked
What is 1.4596 +P1400 used for?
1.4596 +P1400 is typically used for generator retaining rings, rotor hardware and high-strength forgings. In short: weldable at 1470 MPa; retaining-ring PH stainless; very low carbon.
What is the yield strength of 1.4596 +P1400?
1.4596 +P1400 has a typical yield strength of 1,350 MPa (196 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,470 MPa (213 ksi) — stronger than 99% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 1.4596 +P1400 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (30/100, worse than 70% of stainless steel grades). Machine in +AT condition where possible: rigid setups, sharp carbide, positive rake, 25–60 m/min, heavy flood coolant; aged 45 HRC material needs coated carbide/CBN and light depths of cut.
Can 1.4596 +P1400 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (60/100). Very weldable for its strength class thanks to <0.03 % C — GTAW/EB/laser with matching or PH13-8Mo filler, no preheat, then re-solution treat and re-age for full joint strength.
What surface finishes work on 1.4596 +P1400?
Passivate per ASTM A967 or electropolish after machining; takes a fine polish; avoid electroplating at high strength levels or bake immediately to prevent hydrogen embrittlement.
Can 1.4596 +P1400 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form or hot forge only in the solution-annealed state (forging 1150–950 °C, air cool to martensite); aged material is essentially non-formable.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4596 +P1400?
1.4596 +P1400 is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Sources
- EN 10088-3 Stainless steels — Semi-finished products, bars, rods, sections — CEN (2014)
- EN 10088-1 Stainless steels — List of stainless steels (physical properties) — CEN (2014)
- Marval X12 / X1CrNiMoAlTi12-10-2 precipitation hardening stainless bar — Aubert & Duval (2021)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys (PH stainless steels) — ASM International (1990)
- ASTM A564/A564M & UNS S13800 (13-8 Mo) related PH stainless requirements — ASTM (2019)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.