Stainless Steel 1.4434-CD (Cold drawn)
Supply condition
EN 1.4434
Standard bar stock for machined shafts, fittings and fasteners where higher yield and tighter tolerance are wanted.
Values for the CD condition
Other 1.4434 tempers and conditions
1.4434 is listed in 8 conditions; see the grade overview at 1.4434.
Compare all 8 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATDefault Solution annealed | Default condition for plate, bar, forgings and welded fabrication — maximum corrosion resistance and toughness. | 330 | 620 | 45 | 190 HB | — |
As-welded deposit | Represents typical weld-joint properties for fabricated vessels — no post-weld solution treatment required thanks to ≤0.030 % C. | 350 | 590 | 30 | 200 HB | 2.2 % IACS |
Cold worked to Rm ≥ 700 MPa | Lightest standard strain-hardened bar/wire class when moderate extra strength is needed with good ductility. | 430 | 740 | 24 | 20 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
CDThis page Cold drawn | Standard bar stock for machined shafts, fittings and fasteners where higher yield and tighter tolerance are wanted. | 460 | 700 | 25 | 20 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Cold worked to Rm ≥ 800 MPa | Mid strain-hardened class for high-strength bolting and shafts in corrosive service. | 550 | 840 | 18 | 26 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Quarter hard | Cold-rolled strip class for springy clips and stiffened panels where forming is still needed. | 620 | 900 | 12 | 26 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Cold worked to Rm ≥ 900 MPa | Highest standard strain-hardened bar class; choose only where ductility and weldability are not critical. | 680 | 950 | 13 | 31 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Half hard | High-strength strip for flat springs, shims and diaphragms; forming limited to gentle bends. | 790 | 1,060 | 8 | 32 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
What is 1.4434-CD?
1.4434-CD is 1.4434 supplied in the CD condition — standard bar stock for machined shafts, fittings and fasteners where higher yield and tighter tolerance are wanted. 1.4434-CD has a yield strength of 460 MPa (66.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) — stronger than 73% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 1.4434-CD has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,390°C (2,534 °F). AT is the default condition FabDigit quotes; CD is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Readily welded — 80/100, better than 80% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- High embodied carbon — 5.6 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 83% of stainless steel grades
- Limited service temperature — 400°C (752 °F), worse than 78% of stainless steel grades
1.4434-CD properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4434-CD; 24 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1.4434 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4434-CD has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,390°C (2,534 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4434-CD has a yield strength of 460 MPa (66.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) — stronger than 73% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4434-CD is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 14 W/m·K (8.09 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 80% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 16 µm/m·K (8.89 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4434-CD conducts electricity at 2.3 % IACS, better than 55% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (68/100), better than 63% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4434-CD takes about 78 MJ of energy and emits 5.6 kg of CO₂ — more than 87% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability7
1.4434-CD's machinability is fair (44/100, better than 81% of stainless steel grades); weldability very good (80/100); formability good (55/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1.4434-CD
Is 1.4434 easy to machine?
Gummy and strongly work-hardening — use rigid setups, positive-rake coated carbide, high feed with constant engagement, ~20 % lower speeds than 316L and copious coolant to avoid glazing.
Can 1.4434 be welded?
Excellent by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW/SAW with 316LN or 19 12 3 L filler; no preheat and no PWHT needed, keep interpass below ~150 °C and use low-oxygen backing gas to preserve nitrogen and corrosion resistance.
Can 1.4434 be formed, bent or molded?
Good cold formability but high work-hardening rate and ~30 % higher forming loads than 316L; allow generous springback, hot work at 1150–900 °C then solution anneal at 1020–1120 °C with rapid cooling.
What surface finishes work on 1.4434?
Pickle and passivate (ASTM A967) after welding to remove heat tint; takes excellent mechanical polish and electropolish — no anodizing, plating only for special wear/appearance needs.
1.4434 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Clow-carbon for as-welded corrosion resistance | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.5 |
| Mn | ≤ 2 | 1.5 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| S | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Cr | 16.5 – 19.5 | 18 |
| Ni | 10.5 – 14 | 12.5 |
| Mohigher than 316L (2.0–2.5 %) — main pitting-resistance driver | 3 – 4 | 3.5 |
| Nsolid-solution strengthening + pitting resistance | 0.1 – 0.2 | 0.15 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1.4434-CD — frequently asked
What is 1.4434-CD used for?
1.4434-CD is typically used for offshore fasteners, seawater systems, chemical tanks and pulp & paper equipment. In short: higher-strength 316L; nitrogen-boosted pitting resistance; weldable without PWHT.
What is the yield strength of 1.4434-CD?
1.4434-CD has a typical yield strength of 460 MPa (66.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) — stronger than 73% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 8 listed tempers.
Is 1.4434-CD easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (44/100, better than 81% of stainless steel grades). Gummy and strongly work-hardening — use rigid setups, positive-rake coated carbide, high feed with constant engagement, ~20 % lower speeds than 316L and copious coolant to avoid glazing.
Can 1.4434-CD be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (80/100). Excellent by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW/SAW with 316LN or 19 12 3 L filler; no preheat and no PWHT needed, keep interpass below ~150 °C and use low-oxygen backing gas to preserve nitrogen and corrosion resistance.
What surface finishes work on 1.4434-CD?
Pickle and passivate (ASTM A967) after welding to remove heat tint; takes excellent mechanical polish and electropolish — no anodizing, plating only for special wear/appearance needs.
Can 1.4434-CD be formed, bent or molded?
Good cold formability but high work-hardening rate and ~30 % higher forming loads than 316L; allow generous springback, hot work at 1150–900 °C then solution anneal at 1020–1120 °C with rapid cooling.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4434-CD?
1.4434-CD is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4434-AT and 1.4434-CD?
AT is the default condition — default condition for plate, bar, forgings and welded fabrication — maximum corrosion resistance and toughness. CD: standard bar stock for machined shafts, fittings and fasteners where higher yield and tighter tolerance are wanted. Yield strength is 330 MPa in AT versus 460 MPa in CD.
Sources
- EN 10088-1/-2/-3 Stainless steels — list, sheet/plate and semi-finished/bar — CEN (2014)
- EN 10216-5 / EN 10217-7 Stainless steel tubes for pressure purposes — CEN (2013)
- ASTM A240 / A479 / A666 (UNS S31653) — ASTM International (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Austenitic stainless steel datasheets (316L / 316LN / 1.4434 class) — Outokumpu / Sandvik (2023)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.