Stainless Steel 1.4580 Annealed
Temper · default condition
EN 1.4580 · UNS S31640 · AISI/SAE 316Cb
Standard stocked condition for plate, bar, tube and fittings; maximum corrosion resistance and ductility for forming and welding.
Values for the Annealed condition
Other 1.4580 tempers and conditions
1.4580 is listed in 5 conditions; see the grade overview at 1.4580.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefaultThis page solution annealed (~1020–1120 °C, rapid quench) | Standard stocked condition for plate, bar, tube and fittings; maximum corrosion resistance and ductility for forming and welding. | 260 | 570 | 45 | 165 HB | — |
Cold drawn | Cold-drawn bar for machined fittings and shafts where higher yield strength and tight tolerance are needed. | 500 | 700 | 25 | 220 HB | — |
Quarter hard | Strip/sheet where roughly double the annealed yield strength is required and only mild forming follows. | 620 | 900 | 15 | 25 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Half hard | High-strength strip for springs, clamps and structural sheet parts with minimal subsequent forming. | 820 | 1,070 | 12 | 32 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Full hard | Maximum strength thin strip; supplied on special order only, essentially non-formable and requires post-weld annealing. | 1,000 | 1,300 | 8 | 38 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
What is 1.4580 Annealed?
1.4580 Annealed is 1.4580 in the Annealed temper — standard stocked condition for plate, bar, tube and fittings; maximum corrosion resistance and ductility for forming and welding. 1.4580 Annealed has a yield strength of 260 MPa (37.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 570 MPa (82.7 ksi) — weaker than 84% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 1.4580 Annealed has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,385°C (2,525 °F).
Advantages
- Tough — resists crack growth — 220 MPa·√m (200.2 ksi·√in), better than 97% of stainless steel grades
- Readily welded — 90/100, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 80/100, better than 93% of stainless steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 45%, better than 76% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 260 MPa (37.7 ksi), worse than 84% of stainless steel grades
1.4580 Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4580 Annealed; 16 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1.4580 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4580 Annealed has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,385°C (2,525 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4580 Annealed has a yield strength of 260 MPa (37.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 570 MPa (82.7 ksi) — weaker than 84% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4580 Annealed is rated for continuous service to 800°C (1,472 °F). It conducts heat at 15 W/m·K (8.67 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 59% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 16 µm/m·K (8.89 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4580 Annealed conducts electricity at 2.3 % IACS, better than 55% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is very good (72/100), better than 73% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4580 Annealed takes about 53 MJ of energy and emits 4.8 kg of CO₂ — less than 67% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 65%.
Manufacturability7
1.4580 Annealed's machinability is fair (38/100, better than 63% of stainless steel grades); weldability excellent (90/100); formability very good (80/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1.4580 Annealed
Is 1.4580 easy to machine?
Machines like 316 — gummy, work-hardening: use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide, 60–120 m/min, heavy feed to stay under the hardened skin, and copious flood coolant.
Can 1.4580 be welded?
Excellent weldability by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW without post-weld annealing; use Nb- or Mo-bearing filler (ER318 / E318-16, or 316L), keep interpass below ~150 °C, no preheat needed.
Can 1.4580 be formed, bent or molded?
Good cold formability in the annealed condition but higher springback and forming loads than carbon steel; hot work 1150–900 °C followed by solution anneal at 1020–1120 °C and rapid cooling.
What surface finishes work on 1.4580?
Pickle and passivate (ASTM A967) after welding to restore the passive film; grinds, brushes and electropolishes well, though Nb carbides can leave faint streaks on mirror finishes.
1.4580 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CEN 10088-3 max 0.08 | ≤ 0.08 | 0.05 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.5 |
| Mn | ≤ 2 | 1.5 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| S | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Cr | 16.5 – 18.5 | 17.5 |
| Ni | 10.5 – 13.5 | 12 |
| Mo | 2 – 2.5 | 2.2 |
| NbNb ≥ 10 × C (stabilization); UNS S31640 allows up to 1.10 | ≤ 1 | 0.7 |
| Nnot always specified for stabilized grades | ≤ 0.1 | 0.03 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1.4580 Annealed — frequently asked
What is 1.4580 Annealed used for?
1.4580 Annealed is typically used for welded chemical equipment, high-temperature piping and pressure vessels. In short: nb-stabilised 316 type; no post-weld anneal needed; 800 °C service capability.
What is the yield strength of 1.4580 Annealed?
1.4580 Annealed has a typical yield strength of 260 MPa (37.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 570 MPa (82.7 ksi) — weaker than 84% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 1.4580 Annealed easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (38/100, better than 63% of stainless steel grades). Machines like 316 — gummy, work-hardening: use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide, 60–120 m/min, heavy feed to stay under the hardened skin, and copious flood coolant.
Can 1.4580 Annealed be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (90/100). Excellent weldability by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW without post-weld annealing; use Nb- or Mo-bearing filler (ER318 / E318-16, or 316L), keep interpass below ~150 °C, no preheat needed.
What surface finishes work on 1.4580 Annealed?
Pickle and passivate (ASTM A967) after welding to restore the passive film; grinds, brushes and electropolishes well, though Nb carbides can leave faint streaks on mirror finishes.
Can 1.4580 Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Good cold formability in the annealed condition but higher springback and forming loads than carbon steel; hot work 1150–900 °C followed by solution anneal at 1020–1120 °C and rapid cooling.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4580 Annealed?
1.4580 Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 800°C (1,472 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4580 Annealed and 1.4580-FH?
Annealed is the default condition — standard stocked condition for plate, bar, tube and fittings; maximum corrosion resistance and ductility for forming and welding. FH: maximum strength thin strip; supplied on special order only, essentially non-formable and requires post-weld annealing. Yield strength is 260 MPa in Annealed versus 1,000 MPa in FH.
Sources
- EN 10088-1/-2/-3 Stainless steels — grades, sheet/plate and bar — CEN (2014)
- EN 10028-7 Flat products for pressure purposes — stainless steels — CEN (2016)
- ASTM A240/A240M Chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet and strip — ASTM (2023)
- ASTM A666 Annealed or cold-worked austenitic stainless steel sheet, strip, plate and flat bar — ASTM (2015)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
- Stainless steel 1.4580 / 316Cb technical data — European stainless producers (e.g. Outokumpu, Deutsche Edelstahlwerke) (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.