Stainless Steel 1.4845 Annealed
Temper · default condition
EN 1.4845 · UNS S31008 · AISI/SAE 310S · JIS SUS310S · GB 06Cr25Ni20
Standard stocked condition for plate, sheet, bar and tube used in furnace and heat-treatment hardware.
Values for the Annealed condition
Other 1.4845 tempers and conditions
1.4845 is listed in 4 conditions; see the grade overview at 1.4845.
Compare all 4 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefaultThis page solution annealed 1030–1180 °C, rapid cooled | Standard stocked condition for plate, sheet, bar and tube used in furnace and heat-treatment hardware. | 240 | 560 | 45 | 150 HB | — |
Cold drawn | Higher-strength bar with close tolerance and better chip breaking for machined furnace fasteners and pins. | 420 | 680 | 30 | 14 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
Quarter hard | Light cold work for springy clips and formed strip where extra room-temperature strength is needed. | 520 | 760 | 22 | 20 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
Half hard | Heavier cold work for flat springs and high-strength wire; ductility and formability are much reduced. | 690 | 900 | 12 | 28 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
What is 1.4845 Annealed?
1.4845 Annealed is 1.4845 in the Annealed temper — standard stocked condition for plate, sheet, bar and tube used in furnace and heat-treatment hardware. 1.4845 Annealed has a yield strength of 240 MPa (34.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 560 MPa (81.2 ksi) — weaker than 96% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 1.4845 Annealed has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Advantages
- High service temperature — 1,150°C (2,102 °F), better than 99% of stainless steel grades
- Tough — resists crack growth — 200 MPa·√m (182 ksi·√in), better than 86% of stainless steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 72/100, better than 84% of stainless steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 45%, better than 76% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 240 MPa (34.8 ksi), worse than 96% of stainless steel grades
- High embodied carbon — 6 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 88% of stainless steel grades
1.4845 Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4845 Annealed; 14 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1.4845 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4845 Annealed has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical15
1.4845 Annealed has a yield strength of 240 MPa (34.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 560 MPa (81.2 ksi) — weaker than 96% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4845 Annealed is rated for continuous service to 1,150°C (2,102 °F). It conducts heat at 14.2 W/m·K (8.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 76% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 15.9 µm/m·K (8.83 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4845 Annealed conducts electricity at 2.2 % IACS, worse than 61% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (68/100), better than 63% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4845 Annealed takes about 78 MJ of energy and emits 6 kg of CO₂ — more than 87% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability7
1.4845 Annealed's machinability is poor (33/100, worse than 57% of stainless steel grades); weldability good (65/100); formability very good (72/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1.4845 Annealed
Is 1.4845 easy to machine?
Gummy and strongly work-hardening — use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, heavy feeds with no dwell, low-to-moderate speeds and copious coolant; expect roughly 40 % of 1212 productivity.
Can 1.4845 be welded?
Weld with matching 310/25-20 filler by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW without preheat and with low interpass temperature; fully austenitic weld metal is hot-cracking prone, so keep heat input and restraint low and dilution controlled.
Can 1.4845 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms well but needs ~50 % more force than 304 and generous bend radii; hot work at 1150–1200 °C and finish above 950 °C, then solution anneal at 1030–1180 °C with rapid cooling.
What surface finishes work on 1.4845?
Pickle and passivate (ASTM A967) or electropolish after fabrication to restore the chromium oxide film; not anodisable — mechanical polishing or a bright-annealed finish gives reflective surfaces.
1.4845 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CEN 1.4845 ≤0.10; ASTM 310S ≤0.08 | ≤ 0.1 | 0.06 |
| Siaids scaling resistance | ≤ 1.5 | 0.6 |
| Mn | ≤ 2 | 1.2 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| SASTM A240 allows ≤0.030 | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Cr | 24 – 26 | 25 |
| Ni | 19 – 22 | 20 |
| NEN 10088-2 limit | ≤ 0.11 | 0.04 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1.4845 Annealed — frequently asked
What is 1.4845 Annealed used for?
1.4845 Annealed is typically used for furnace muffles and retorts, heat treatment baskets and fixtures, kiln components, high-temp exhaust parts and radiant tubes. In short: oxidation resistance to 1150 °C; furnace-grade 25Cr-20Ni; higher heat limit than 304.
What is the yield strength of 1.4845 Annealed?
1.4845 Annealed has a typical yield strength of 240 MPa (34.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 560 MPa (81.2 ksi) — weaker than 96% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 4 listed tempers.
Is 1.4845 Annealed easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (33/100, worse than 57% of stainless steel grades). Gummy and strongly work-hardening — use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, heavy feeds with no dwell, low-to-moderate speeds and copious coolant; expect roughly 40 % of 1212 productivity.
Can 1.4845 Annealed be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (65/100). Weld with matching 310/25-20 filler by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW without preheat and with low interpass temperature; fully austenitic weld metal is hot-cracking prone, so keep heat input and restraint low and dilution controlled.
What surface finishes work on 1.4845 Annealed?
Pickle and passivate (ASTM A967) or electropolish after fabrication to restore the chromium oxide film; not anodisable — mechanical polishing or a bright-annealed finish gives reflective surfaces.
Can 1.4845 Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms well but needs ~50 % more force than 304 and generous bend radii; hot work at 1150–1200 °C and finish above 950 °C, then solution anneal at 1030–1180 °C with rapid cooling.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4845 Annealed?
1.4845 Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 1,150°C (2,102 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4845 Annealed and 1.4845-CD?
Annealed is the default condition — standard stocked condition for plate, sheet, bar and tube used in furnace and heat-treatment hardware. CD: higher-strength bar with close tolerance and better chip breaking for machined furnace fasteners and pins. Yield strength is 240 MPa in Annealed versus 420 MPa in CD.
Sources
- EN 10088-1/-2/-3 Stainless steels — X8CrNi25-21 (1.4845) — CEN (2014)
- ASTM A240/A240M — Cr and Cr-Ni stainless plate, sheet, strip (UNS S31008) — ASTM International (2023)
- ASTM A276 / A312 — stainless bar and welded/seamless pipe — ASTM International (2023)
- GB/T 20878 / GB/T 4237 — 06Cr25Ni20 — SAC (2019)
- JIS G4304 SUS310S — JSA (2021)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Outokumpu / Sandvik heat-resisting grade 310S data sheets — Outokumpu, Alleima (2023)
- SMM / Mysteel (310S ) — SMM / Mysteel (2025)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.