Stainless Steel 1.4325 Stress-relieved
Heat-treated state
EN 1.4325
Applied to cold-worked springs and machined parts to reduce residual stress and raise elastic limit without sensitisation.
Values for the Stress-relieved condition
Other 1.4325 tempers and conditions
1.4325 is listed in 8 conditions; see the grade overview at 1.4325.
Compare all 8 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefault solution annealed (1010–1120 °C, water quenched) | Standard stocked condition for sheet, plate, bar and tube; maximum ductility, corrosion resistance and formability. | 260 | 600 | 55 | 160 HB | — |
Cold drawn | Standard machining bar stock: better straightness, tighter tolerance and higher yield than annealed, with less gumminess. | 490 | 720 | 28 | 17 HRC | 2.4 % IACS |
Quarter hard | Use where moderate extra strength is needed but some bending/forming is still required. | 570 | 900 | 14 | 28 HRC | 2.4 % IACS |
Half hard | Common strip temper for clamps, brackets and light springs with simple bends. | 800 | 1,070 | 10 | 32 HRC | 2.4 % IACS |
Three-quarter hard | High-strength strip where only very generous bend radii or flat parts are needed. | 970 | 1,240 | 5 | 37 HRC | 2.4 % IACS |
Full hard | Maximum rolled strength for flat springs, shims and blades; essentially non-formable except gentle radii. | 1,010 | 1,310 | 4 | 40 HRC | 2.4 % IACS |
Spring hard | Choose for coil/torsion springs and formed wire needing very high tensile with corrosion resistance. | 1,500 | 1,750 | 3 | 45 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Stress-relievedThis page low-temperature stress relief (300–400 °C) after cold work | Applied to cold-worked springs and machined parts to reduce residual stress and raise elastic limit without sensitisation. | 1,600 | 1,800 | 3 | 46 HRC | 2.4 % IACS |
What is 1.4325 Stress-relieved?
1.4325 Stress-relieved is 1.4325 heat treated to Stress-relieved — applied to cold-worked springs and machined parts to reduce residual stress and raise elastic limit without sensitisation. 1.4325 Stress-relieved has a yield strength of 1,600 MPa (232 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,800 MPa (261 ksi) — stronger than 100% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 3% and the elastic modulus is 195 GPa (28.3 Msi). 1.4325 Stress-relieved has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F). Annealed is the default condition FabDigit quotes; Stress-relieved is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High strength — 1,600 MPa (232 ksi), better than 100% of stainless steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 85/100, better than 97% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Limited ductility — 3%, worse than 100% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to machine — 20/100, worse than 98% of stainless steel grades
- Limited formability — 12/100, worse than 93% of stainless steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 60 MPa·√m (54.6 ksi·√in), worse than 88% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 30/100, worse than 88% of stainless steel grades
1.4325 Stress-relieved properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4325 Stress-relieved; 23 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1.4325 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4325 Stress-relieved has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4325 Stress-relieved has a yield strength of 1,600 MPa (232 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,800 MPa (261 ksi) — stronger than 100% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 3% and the elastic modulus is 195 GPa (28.3 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4325 Stress-relieved is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 15 W/m·K (8.67 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 59% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 16.5 µm/m·K (9.17 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4325 Stress-relieved conducts electricity at 2.4 % IACS, better than 67% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (58/100), worse than 62% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4325 Stress-relieved takes about 53 MJ of energy and emits 4.4 kg of CO₂ — less than 67% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 70%.
Manufacturability8
1.4325 Stress-relieved's machinability is poor (20/100, worse than 98% of stainless steel grades); weldability poor (30/100); formability not recommended (12/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1.4325 Stress-relieved
Is 1.4325 easy to machine?
Gummy and work-hardening: use sharp positive-rake carbide, rigid setups, heavy positive feed and flood coolant, surface speed ~80–120 m/min; avoid dwelling to prevent a hardened skin.
Can 1.4325 be welded?
Readily welded by GTAW/GMAW/resistance methods with 308L/347 filler; because of the higher carbon, solution anneal after welding or accept possible weld-decay in aggressive wet service, and avoid slow cooling through 450–850 °C.
Can 1.4325 be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent cold formability in the annealed state (deep drawing, roll forming, spinning) but high work-hardening rate—use interstage annealing for severe draws and allow for large springback.
What surface finishes work on 1.4325?
Not anodisable; passivate to ASTM A967 or electropolish after machining, and finish mechanically to 2B/BA/No.4/No.8 as required—pickle to remove heat tint after welding.
1.4325 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Chigher than standard 1.4301/304 | 0.04 – 0.12 | 0.09 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.5 |
| Mn | ≤ 2 | 1.3 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Cr | 17 – 19 | 18 |
| Ni | 8 – 10 | 9 |
| N | ≤ 0.11 | 0.05 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1.4325 Stress-relieved — frequently asked
What is 1.4325 Stress-relieved used for?
1.4325 Stress-relieved is typically used for kitchen equipment, general fabrication, architectural fittings and tanks. In short: general-purpose 304-type stainless; wide temper range on file; higher carbon than 304L.
What is the yield strength of 1.4325 Stress-relieved?
1.4325 Stress-relieved has a typical yield strength of 1,600 MPa (232 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,800 MPa (261 ksi) — stronger than 100% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 8 listed tempers.
Is 1.4325 Stress-relieved easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (20/100, worse than 98% of stainless steel grades). Gummy and work-hardening: use sharp positive-rake carbide, rigid setups, heavy positive feed and flood coolant, surface speed ~80–120 m/min; avoid dwelling to prevent a hardened skin.
Can 1.4325 Stress-relieved be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (30/100). Readily welded by GTAW/GMAW/resistance methods with 308L/347 filler; because of the higher carbon, solution anneal after welding or accept possible weld-decay in aggressive wet service, and avoid slow cooling through 450–850 °C.
What surface finishes work on 1.4325 Stress-relieved?
Not anodisable; passivate to ASTM A967 or electropolish after machining, and finish mechanically to 2B/BA/No.4/No.8 as required—pickle to remove heat tint after welding.
Can 1.4325 Stress-relieved be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent cold formability in the annealed state (deep drawing, roll forming, spinning) but high work-hardening rate—use interstage annealing for severe draws and allow for large springback.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4325 Stress-relieved?
1.4325 Stress-relieved is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4325 Annealed and 1.4325 Spring?
Annealed is the default condition — standard stocked condition for sheet, plate, bar and tube; maximum ductility, corrosion resistance and formability. Spring: choose for coil/torsion springs and formed wire needing very high tensile with corrosion resistance. Yield strength is 260 MPa in Annealed versus 1,500 MPa in Spring.
Sources
- EN 10088-1/-2 Stainless steels — list of grades and technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate/strip — CEN (2014)
- ASTM A240/A240M — Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip — ASTM (2023)
- ASTM A666 — Annealed or Cold-Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate and Flat Bar — ASTM (2015)
- EN 10270-3 / ASTM A313 — Stainless spring steel wire — CEN / ASTM (2011)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
- Machinery's Handbook (machinability ratings) — Industrial Press (2020)
- (Mysteel / SMM) (2026)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.