Stainless Steel 1.4941-CD (Cold drawn)
Supply condition
EN 1.4941
Use for precision tube and bright bar needing tighter tolerances and higher yield than the annealed state.
Values for the CD condition
Other 1.4941 tempers and conditions
1.4941 is listed in 6 conditions; see the grade overview at 1.4941.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hot finished + solution annealed | Choose for large-diameter seamless pipe and heavy bar where cold drawing is impractical; slightly coarser grain and scaled surface. | 230 | 560 | 45 | 155 HB | 2.4 % IACS |
ATDefault solution annealed (1020–1080 °C, rapid quench) | Standard delivery condition for tube, pipe and plate; maximum ductility and intergranular corrosion resistance. | 240 | 580 | 45 | 160 HB | — |
As-welded deposit | Property level to assume for weld joints when no post-weld solution anneal is performed. | 300 | 550 | 30 | 175 HB | 2.4 % IACS |
CDThis page Cold drawn | Use for precision tube and bright bar needing tighter tolerances and higher yield than the annealed state. | 480 | 700 | 25 | 220 HB | — |
Quarter hard | Pick when a moderate strength increase is needed while retaining useful bending ductility. | 550 | 780 | 18 | 25 HRC | 2.4 % IACS |
Half hard | For flat springs, clamps and strapping where high strength matters more than formability. | 680 | 900 | 12 | 30 HRC | 2.4 % IACS |
What is 1.4941-CD?
1.4941-CD is 1.4941 supplied in the CD condition — use for precision tube and bright bar needing tighter tolerances and higher yield than the annealed state. 1.4941-CD has a yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) — stronger than 75% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 1.4941-CD has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F). AT is the default condition FabDigit quotes; CD is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Tough — resists crack growth — 200 MPa·√m (182 ksi·√in), better than 86% of stainless steel grades
- Readily welded — 82/100, better than 84% of stainless steel grades
- High strength — 480 MPa (69.6 ksi), better than 75% of stainless steel grades
1.4941-CD properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4941-CD; 11 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1.4941 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4941-CD has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4941-CD has a yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) — stronger than 75% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4941-CD is rated for continuous service to 700°C (1,292 °F). It conducts heat at 15 W/m·K (8.67 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 59% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 16.5 µm/m·K (9.17 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4941-CD conducts electricity at 2.4 % IACS, better than 67% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (65/100), better than 56% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4941-CD takes about 55 MJ of energy and emits 4.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 50% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 45%.
Manufacturability8
1.4941-CD's machinability is fair (38/100, better than 63% of stainless steel grades); weldability very good (82/100); formability good (60/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1.4941-CD
Is 1.4941 easy to machine?
Gummy and work-hardening like 321 — use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, heavy depth of cut, 60–100 m/min and flood coolant; avoid dwelling.
Can 1.4941 be welded?
TIG/MIG/SAW with Ti- or Nb-stabilized filler (ER321/ER347); keep heat input low and interpass < 150 °C because boron increases hot-cracking risk; no post-weld anneal required for IGC resistance.
Can 1.4941 be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent cold formability in the +AT condition but high springback and rapid work hardening; interstage annealing at 1020–1080 °C with rapid cooling for severe draws.
What surface finishes work on 1.4941?
Pickle and passivate (nitric or citric per ASTM A967) or electropolish; not anodizable; Ti-carbonitride stringers can leave fine streaks on mirror-polished surfaces.
1.4941 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Ckept low for stabilization ratio | ≤ 0.08 | 0.06 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.5 |
| Mn | ≤ 2 | 1.2 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| S | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Cr | 17 – 19 | 18 |
| Ni | 9 – 12 | 10.5 |
| Ti≥ 5×C for stabilization against intergranular attack | 0.3 – 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Bmicro-addition; strengthens grain boundaries and raises creep-rupture strength | 0 – 0.01 | 0 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1.4941-CD — frequently asked
What is 1.4941-CD used for?
1.4941-CD is typically used for nuclear reactor components, control rod cladding, neutron absorber elements and high-temperature welded assemblies. In short: ti-stabilised boron-bearing 18-10; as-welded IGC resistance; nuclear-grade 321 variant.
What is the yield strength of 1.4941-CD?
1.4941-CD has a typical yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) — stronger than 75% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 1.4941-CD easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (38/100, better than 63% of stainless steel grades). Gummy and work-hardening like 321 — use rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, heavy depth of cut, 60–100 m/min and flood coolant; avoid dwelling.
Can 1.4941-CD be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (82/100). TIG/MIG/SAW with Ti- or Nb-stabilized filler (ER321/ER347); keep heat input low and interpass < 150 °C because boron increases hot-cracking risk; no post-weld anneal required for IGC resistance.
What surface finishes work on 1.4941-CD?
Pickle and passivate (nitric or citric per ASTM A967) or electropolish; not anodizable; Ti-carbonitride stringers can leave fine streaks on mirror-polished surfaces.
Can 1.4941-CD be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent cold formability in the +AT condition but high springback and rapid work hardening; interstage annealing at 1020–1080 °C with rapid cooling for severe draws.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4941-CD?
1.4941-CD is rated for continuous use to about 700°C (1,292 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4941-AT and 1.4941-CD?
AT is the default condition — standard delivery condition for tube, pipe and plate; maximum ductility and intergranular corrosion resistance. CD: use for precision tube and bright bar needing tighter tolerances and higher yield than the annealed state. Yield strength is 240 MPa in AT versus 480 MPa in CD.
Sources
- DIN 17459 — Seamless circular tubes of heat-resisting steels — DIN (1992)
- VdTÜV-Werkstoffblatt 432 — X6CrNiTiB18-10 (1.4941) — VdTÜV (2010)
- EN 10088-1/-3 — Stainless steels: list of grades, technical delivery conditions — CEN (2014)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.