Stainless Steel 1.4311 Annealed
Temper · default condition
EN 1.4311 · UNS S30453 · AISI/SAE 304LN · JIS SUS304LN · GB 022Cr19Ni10N
Standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar, pipe and forgings; maximum ductility and corrosion resistance.
Values for the Annealed condition
Other 1.4311 tempers and conditions
1.4311 is listed in 7 conditions; see the grade overview at 1.4311.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefaultThis page solution annealed (1020–1120 °C, water quenched) | Standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar, pipe and forgings; maximum ductility and corrosion resistance. | 320 | 620 | 50 | 170 HB | — |
autogenous / matching-filler weld metal and HAZ | Property set for weld joints made with 308L/308LN filler and left un-annealed; low C + N avoids sensitisation. | 330 | 580 | 38 | 185 HB | 2.4 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Bar and wire with tight tolerance and raised strength for shafts, fasteners and machined parts. | 520 | 750 | 28 | 20 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Quarter hard | Light temper rolling for structural sheet and strip needing higher yield with some bendability. | 600 | 900 | 14 | 25 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Half hard | Medium temper for springy clips, straps and weight-saving structural strip. | 820 | 1,080 | 9 | 32 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Three-quarter hard | High-strength strip where only simple flat forming or shearing follows. | 910 | 1,180 | 7 | 36 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
Full hard | Maximum strength strip/foil for springs, shims and flat stampings; very limited ductility. | 1,020 | 1,320 | 5 | 41 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
What is 1.4311 Annealed?
1.4311 Annealed is 1.4311 in the Annealed temper — standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar, pipe and forgings; maximum ductility and corrosion resistance. 1.4311 Annealed has a yield strength of 320 MPa (46.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 60% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 50% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 1.4311 Annealed has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Advantages
- Tough — resists crack growth — 220 MPa·√m (200.2 ksi·√in), better than 97% of stainless steel grades
- Readily welded — 90/100, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 85/100, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 50%, better than 90% of stainless steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 80/100, better than 89% of stainless steel grades
1.4311 Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4311 Annealed; 15 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1.4311 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4311 Annealed has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4311 Annealed has a yield strength of 320 MPa (46.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 60% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 50% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4311 Annealed is rated for continuous service to 700°C (1,292 °F). It conducts heat at 15 W/m·K (8.67 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 59% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 16 µm/m·K (8.89 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4311 Annealed conducts electricity at 2.4 % IACS, better than 67% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (58/100), worse than 62% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4311 Annealed takes about 57 MJ of energy and emits 5.4 kg of CO₂ — more than 62% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability6
1.4311 Annealed's machinability is fair (40/100, better than 72% of stainless steel grades); weldability excellent (90/100); formability excellent (85/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1.4311 Annealed
Is 1.4311 easy to machine?
Gummy and strongly work-hardening — use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide, heavy positive feed, 60–120 m/min and copious coolant; avoid dwelling.
Can 1.4311 be welded?
Excellent by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW/SAW with 308L or 308LN filler; no preheat, interpass <150 °C, no post-weld anneal needed thanks to C ≤0.03 % (use N-bearing filler to keep weld strength).
Can 1.4311 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms and deep draws well but needs ~20–30 % higher press force and more springback allowance than 304L; hot work 1150–900 °C then solution anneal and quench.
What surface finishes work on 1.4311?
Pickle and passivate after hot work or welding to restore the passive film; takes 2B, BA and mirror polish readily — no anodizing (ferrous alloy).
1.4311 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Clow carbon for weld-decay resistance | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| SiEN 10088-2; ASTM ≤0.75 | ≤ 1 | 0.45 |
| Mn | ≤ 2 | 1.4 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| SASTM S30453 allows ≤0.030 | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Cr | 18 – 20 | 19 |
| NiASTM S30453: 8.0–12.0 | 8.5 – 11.5 | 10 |
| NASTM S30453: 0.10–0.16; source of the extra yield strength | 0.12 – 0.22 | 0.16 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1.4311 Annealed — frequently asked
What is 1.4311 Annealed used for?
1.4311 Annealed is typically used for pressure vessels, cryogenic equipment and structural components requiring higher strength than 304L. In short: stronger 304L variant; nitrogen without sensitization risk; cryogenic-capable austenitic.
What is the yield strength of 1.4311 Annealed?
1.4311 Annealed has a typical yield strength of 320 MPa (46.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 60% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is 1.4311 Annealed easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (40/100, better than 72% of stainless steel grades). Gummy and strongly work-hardening — use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide, heavy positive feed, 60–120 m/min and copious coolant; avoid dwelling.
Can 1.4311 Annealed be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (90/100). Excellent by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW/SAW with 308L or 308LN filler; no preheat, interpass <150 °C, no post-weld anneal needed thanks to C ≤0.03 % (use N-bearing filler to keep weld strength).
What surface finishes work on 1.4311 Annealed?
Pickle and passivate after hot work or welding to restore the passive film; takes 2B, BA and mirror polish readily — no anodizing (ferrous alloy).
Can 1.4311 Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms and deep draws well but needs ~20–30 % higher press force and more springback allowance than 304L; hot work 1150–900 °C then solution anneal and quench.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4311 Annealed?
1.4311 Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 700°C (1,292 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4311 Annealed and 1.4311-FH?
Annealed is the default condition — standard supply condition for plate, sheet, bar, pipe and forgings; maximum ductility and corrosion resistance. FH: maximum strength strip/foil for springs, shims and flat stampings; very limited ductility. Yield strength is 320 MPa in Annealed versus 1,020 MPa in FH.
Sources
- EN 10088-2/-3 Stainless steels – technical delivery conditions — CEN (2014)
- ASTM A240/A240M (S30453) — ASTM International (2023)
- ASTM A666 – annealed/strain-hardened austenitic sheet, strip, plate and bar — ASTM International (2015)
- GB/T 24511 / GB/T 4237 (022Cr19Ni10N) — SAC (2017)
- JIS G4304/G4305 (SUS304LN) — JSA (2021)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 – Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13B – Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
- Outokumpu Core 304LN/4311 datasheet — Outokumpu (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.