Stainless Steel ER2209 AW-GMAW
Finish state
UNS S39209 · EN 22 9 3 N L
AW-GMAW = as-welded, MIG spray/pulse with Ar+CO₂/He/N₂ mixes
Pick for productive fill/cap passes on plate and pipe; keep CO₂ ≤2.5 % to limit carbon pickup.
Values for the AW-GMAW condition
Other ER2209 tempers and conditions
ER2209 is listed in 5 conditions; see the grade overview at ER2209.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solution annealed 1050–1100 °C, water quenched | Select when the weldment (e.g. cast or overlay component) is re-solution annealed, restoring phase balance and dissolving nitrides/sigma at the cost of strength. | 510 | 760 | 32 | 21 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
As-welded, submerged arc with basic duplex flux | Use for heavy-section plate and pipe seams at high deposition rate; toughness is the lowest of the processes due to flux interaction and high heat input. | 610 | 800 | 25 | 23 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
As-welded, TIG with Ar (or Ar+2%N₂) shielding | Choose for root passes, thin wall and tube welding; cleanest weld metal with the highest toughness, especially with nitrogen-added shielding/backing gas. | 620 | 810 | 30 | 22 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
AWDefault As-welded deposit | Default condition for virtually all duplex fabrication: weld and leave as-welded, controlling heat input and interpass temperature to keep ferrite 35–65 %. | 640 | 830 | 27 | 25 HRC | — |
AW-GMAWThis page As-welded, MIG spray/pulse with Ar+CO₂/He/N₂ mixes | Pick for productive fill/cap passes on plate and pipe; keep CO₂ ≤2.5 % to limit carbon pickup. | 650 | 840 | 26 | 25 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
What is ER2209 AW-GMAW?
ER2209 AW-GMAW is ER2209 supplied in the AW-GMAW condition — pick for productive fill/cap passes on plate and pipe; keep CO₂ ≤2.5 % to limit carbon pickup. ER2209 AW-GMAW has a yield strength of 650 MPa (94.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 840 MPa (122 ksi) — stronger than 90% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 26% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). ER2209 AW-GMAW has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), heavier than 50% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,385°C (2,525 °F). AW is the default condition FabDigit quotes; AW-GMAW is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High strength — 650 MPa (94.3 ksi), better than 90% of stainless steel grades
- Readily welded — 84/100, better than 85% of stainless steel grades
- Good corrosion resistance — 78/100, better than 84% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Limited service temperature — 250°C (482 °F), worse than 99% of stainless steel grades
ER2209 AW-GMAW properties
Typical room-temperature values for ER2209 AW-GMAW; 23 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are ER2209 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
ER2209 AW-GMAW has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), heavier than 50% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,385°C (2,525 °F).
Mechanical16
ER2209 AW-GMAW has a yield strength of 650 MPa (94.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 840 MPa (122 ksi) — stronger than 90% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 26% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
ER2209 AW-GMAW is rated for continuous service to 250°C (482 °F). It conducts heat at 15 W/m·K (8.67 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 59% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 13 µm/m·K (7.22 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
ER2209 AW-GMAW conducts electricity at 2.2 % IACS, worse than 61% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is very good (78/100), better than 84% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of ER2209 AW-GMAW takes about 65 MJ of energy and emits 4.8 kg of CO₂ — more than 79% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability7
ER2209 AW-GMAW's machinability is poor (27/100, worse than 83% of stainless steel grades); weldability very good (84/100); formability fair (42/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with ER2209 AW-GMAW
Is ER2209 easy to machine?
Machine deposits like 2205: rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, low speed / high feed and flood coolant to beat rapid work hardening.
Can ER2209 be welded?
Weld with 0.5–2.5 kJ/mm heat input, interpass ≤150 °C, Ar (+1–3 % N₂) shielding and nitrogen backing; no preheat and normally no PWHT, target 35–65 % ferrite.
Can ER2209 be formed, bent or molded?
Supplied as cold-drawn wire; the weldment itself cold-forms with high forces and springback and should be solution annealed if heavily strained.
What surface finishes work on ER2209?
Pickle (HNO₃-HF paste) or bead-blast plus passivation to remove heat tint — untreated tint is the main pitting initiation site; do not anodize.
ER2209 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Clow carbon for corrosion resistance | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Cr | 21.5 – 23.5 | 22.5 |
| Niover-alloyed vs 2205 base metal to promote weld austenite | 7.5 – 9.5 | 8.7 |
| Mo | 2.5 – 3.5 | 3 |
| Mn | 0.5 – 2 | 1.5 |
| Si | ≤ 0.9 | 0.5 |
| N | 0.08 – 0.2 | 0.15 |
| Cu | ≤ 0.75 | 0.1 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Fe | balance | — |
ER2209 AW-GMAW — frequently asked
What is ER2209 AW-GMAW used for?
ER2209 AW-GMAW is typically used for 2205 duplex piping welds, duplex pressure vessel seams, offshore topside piping, desalination plant pipework, seawater heat exchanger tube-to-tubesheet welds and chemical tanker cargo tank welds. In short: standard 2205 duplex filler; balanced ferrite-austenite deposit; stronger than 316L filler.
What is the yield strength of ER2209 AW-GMAW?
ER2209 AW-GMAW has a typical yield strength of 650 MPa (94.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 840 MPa (122 ksi) — stronger than 90% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is ER2209 AW-GMAW easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (27/100, worse than 83% of stainless steel grades). Machine deposits like 2205: rigid setups, positive-rake carbide, low speed / high feed and flood coolant to beat rapid work hardening.
Can ER2209 AW-GMAW be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (84/100). Weld with 0.5–2.5 kJ/mm heat input, interpass ≤150 °C, Ar (+1–3 % N₂) shielding and nitrogen backing; no preheat and normally no PWHT, target 35–65 % ferrite.
What surface finishes work on ER2209 AW-GMAW?
Pickle (HNO₃-HF paste) or bead-blast plus passivation to remove heat tint — untreated tint is the main pitting initiation site; do not anodize.
Can ER2209 AW-GMAW be formed, bent or molded?
Supplied as cold-drawn wire; the weldment itself cold-forms with high forces and springback and should be solution annealed if heavily strained.
What is the maximum service temperature of ER2209 AW-GMAW?
ER2209 AW-GMAW is rated for continuous use to about 250°C (482 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between ER2209-AW and ER2209-SA?
AW is the default condition — default condition for virtually all duplex fabrication: weld and leave as-welded, controlling heat input and interpass temperature to keep ferrite 35–65 %. SA: select when the weldment (e.g. cast or overlay component) is re-solution annealed, restoring phase balance and dissolving nitrides/sigma at the cost of strength. Yield strength is 640 MPa in AW versus 510 MPa in SA.
Sources
- AWS A5.9/A5.9M Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods (ER2209, UNS S39209) — AWS (2017)
- ISO 14343 / EN 14343-A: W 22 9 3 N L — ISO (2017)
- Duplex 2209 filler metal all-weld-metal data (ESAB / Böhler / Sandvik 22.9.3.L) — ESAB, voestalpine Böhler Welding, Sandvik (2023)
- Outokumpu 2205 (S32205) duplex stainless physical property data — Outokumpu (2022)
- Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Duplex Stainless Steels — IMOA (2014)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.