Steel 1022
AISI/SAE 1022 · UNS G10220
1022 is a low-carbon steel (UNS G10220, S22C) with roughly 0.22 % carbon and higher manganese than 1018, which raises strength while keeping arc and resistance weldability.
Values for the HR condition
1022 tempers and conditions
1022 is supplied in 6 conditions, soft to hard. HR is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HRDefault Hot rolled | Cheapest and most stocked form; pick for weldments, machined parts with generous stock allowance, and blanks to be carburized. | 235 | 425 | 23 | 121 HB | — |
full/subcritical anneal, softest condition | Use when maximum ductility for severe cold forming, deep drawing or stress relief after heavy cold work is required. | 275 | 415 | 30 | 111 HB | — |
austenitized ~870–900 °C, air cooled | Pick for uniform fine-grain structure and better toughness/consistency before machining, carburizing or in welded structures. | 310 | 455 | 32 | 131 HB | — |
Cold rolled | Choose for stamped, formed or cold-headed sheet parts needing a clean surface and tighter thickness tolerance. | 380 | 460 | 14 | 135 HB | 10.4 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Pick for straight, on-size bright bar going straight to turning/milling or to screw-machine work with better chip control. | 400 | 475 | 15 | 137 HB | — |
gas carburized, quenched and low-temperature tempered | Choose when a wear-resistant hard case (58–62 HRC) over a tough low-carbon core is needed, e.g. pins, bushings, light gears, self-drilling screws. | 490 | 700 | 12 | 60 HRC | — |
What is 1022?
1022 is a low-carbon steel (UNS G10220, S22C) with roughly 0.22 % carbon and higher manganese than 1018, which raises strength while keeping arc and resistance weldability. It is chosen for cold-headed fasteners, pinion shafts and light forgings, and is stocked as hot-rolled, cold-rolled, cold-drawn, annealed, normalized and carburized bar and sheet. Typical values are 235 MPa yield, 425 MPa tensile, 23 % elongation and 121 HB (67 HRB), with weldability 90, formability 75 and machinability 58. It has no corrosion resistance and needs carburizing for wear surfaces; 1018 is the nearest alternative. 1022 has a density of 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). 1022 has a yield strength of 235 MPa (34.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 425 MPa (61.6 ksi) — weaker than 96% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 23% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
What is 1022 used for?
- Fasteners
- Pinion shafts
- Light forgings
Advantages
- Conducts heat well — 51.9 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 96% of steel grades
- Readily welded — 90/100, better than 90% of steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 75/100, better than 90% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 235 MPa (34.1 ksi), worse than 96% of steel grades
- Hard to polish — 45/100, worse than 84% of steel grades
1022 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1022-HR; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
1022 has a density of 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical15
1022 has a yield strength of 235 MPa (34.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 425 MPa (61.6 ksi) — weaker than 96% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 23% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
Thermal6
1022 is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 51.9 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 96% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.7 µm/m·K (6.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1022 conducts electricity at 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1022 takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 2 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability6
1022's machinability is good (58/100, better than 75% of steel grades); weldability excellent (90/100); formability very good (75/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. 1022 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 1022
Is 1022 easy to machine?
Machines like 1018/1020 — gummy in the annealed state, best in cold-drawn or normalized condition with sharp positive-rake tools, high speed and generous coolant; expect ~65–70 % of 1212.
Can 1022 be welded?
Readily welded by all arc, resistance and flash processes with E70XX/ER70S-x filler; carbon equivalent ≈0.40 so preheat only for heavy sections or restrained joints, and never weld after carburizing.
Can 1022 be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent cold heading, bending and drawing in HR/annealed condition; cold-drawn bar has reduced ductility and may need stress relief before severe forming.
Manufacturability
The process limits FabDigit applies to 1022. Every 1022 part is priced by an engineer; design inside these and the quote comes back without a redesign loop.
CNC machining
| Machinability | Better58 / 100 |
|---|---|
| ISO material group | P.1 |
| Cutting speed (rough / finish) | 220 / 260 m/min |
| Minimum wall | 0.8 mm |
| Minimum internal radius | 1 mm |
| Drill depth limit | 5× diameter |
| Best surface (machined / polished) | Ra 1.6 / — |
| Hardenable after machining | No |
Sheet metal
| Formability | Excellent75 / 100 |
|---|---|
| Weldability | Excellent90 / 100 |
| Bendable | Yes |
1022 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CSAE J403 / ASTM A29 grade 1022 | 0.18 – 0.23 | 0.21 |
| Mn | 0.7 – 1 | 0.85 |
| P0.030 max for some SAE bar/wire products | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| S0.035 max for SAE J403 non-resulfurized wire | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Sinot specified for all product forms; typical for killed steel | 0.15 – 0.35 | 0.25 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 1022?
No inherent corrosion protection — zinc/electro-zinc plate, phosphate + oil, black oxide, paint or e-coat; polishes only to a moderate lustre and can be case-hardened before final grinding.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Plating
CVD Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel 1022 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- G10220
- Similar grades
- S22C
How much does 1022 cost?
1022 is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 100% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
1022 — frequently asked
What is 1022 used for?
1022 is typically used for fasteners, pinion shafts and light forgings. In short: cold-heading carbon bar.
What is the yield strength of 1022?
1022 has a typical yield strength of 235 MPa (34.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 425 MPa (61.6 ksi) — weaker than 96% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 1022 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (58/100, better than 75% of steel grades). Machines like 1018/1020 — gummy in the annealed state, best in cold-drawn or normalized condition with sharp positive-rake tools, high speed and generous coolant; expect ~65–70 % of 1212.
Can 1022 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (90/100). Readily welded by all arc, resistance and flash processes with E70XX/ER70S-x filler; carbon equivalent ≈0.40 so preheat only for heavy sections or restrained joints, and never weld after carburizing.
What surface finishes work on 1022?
No inherent corrosion protection — zinc/electro-zinc plate, phosphate + oil, black oxide, paint or e-coat; polishes only to a moderate lustre and can be case-hardened before final grinding.
Can 1022 be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent cold heading, bending and drawing in HR/annealed condition; cold-drawn bar has reduced ductility and may need stress relief before severe forming.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1022?
1022 is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1022-HR and 1022-CD?
HR is the default condition — cheapest and most stocked form; pick for weldments, machined parts with generous stock allowance, and blanks to be carburized. CD: pick for straight, on-size bright bar going straight to turning/milling or to screw-machine work with better chip control. Yield strength is 235 MPa in HR versus 400 MPa in CD.
How much does 1022 cost?
1022 is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 100% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Can FabDigit make parts in 1022?
Yes — 1022 is available for CNC machining and sheet metal; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- SAE J403 — Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — SAE International (2014)
- ASTM A29/A29M — Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements — ASTM (2020)
- ASTM A108 — Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished — ASTM (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Metals Reference Book (typical mechanical properties of hot-rolled and cold-drawn carbon steels) — ASM International (1993)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16 — Machining — ASM International (1989)
- GB/T 699 — (22Mn/20Mn comparable grades) — SAC (2015)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.