Steel 1022 · supply condition
Steel 1022-CD
Properties of the CD condition, compared with the other 1022 tempers.
Pick for straight, on-size bright bar going straight to turning/milling or to screw-machine work with better chip control.
What is 1022-CD?
1022-CD is 1022 supplied in the CD condition — pick for straight, on-size bright bar going straight to turning/milling or to screw-machine work with better chip control. 1022-CD has a yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 475 MPa (68.9 ksi) — weaker than 60% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 15% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi). 1022-CD has a density of 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 91% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). HR is the default condition FabDigit quotes; CD is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Conducts heat well — 51.9 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 96% of steel grades
- Easy to machine — 64/100, better than 92% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades
- Readily welded — 88/100, better than 87% of steel grades
Limitations
- Hard to polish — 45/100, worse than 84% of steel grades
1022-CD properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1022-CD — 13 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every 1022 temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the steel grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
1022-CD has a density of 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 91% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical15
1022-CD has a yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 475 MPa (68.9 ksi) — weaker than 60% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 15% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
Thermal6
1022-CD is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 51.9 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 96% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.7 µm/m·K (6.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1022-CD conducts electricity at 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 87% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1022-CD takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 2 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability6
1022-CD's machinability is good (64/100, better than 92% of steel grades); weldability excellent (88/100); formability good (55/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other 1022 tempers and conditions
1022 is also supplied in 5 other conditions. The full side-by-side table is on the 1022 overview.
- HRDefaultCheapest and most stocked form; pick for weldments, machined parts with generous stock allowance, and blanks to be carburized.235 MPa yield · 121 HB
- CarburizedChoose when a wear-resistant hard case (58–62 HRC) over a tough low-carbon core is needed, e.g. pins, bushings, light gears, self-drilling screws.490 MPa yield · 60 HRC
- CDPick for straight, on-size bright bar going straight to turning/milling or to screw-machine work with better chip control.400 MPa yield · 137 HB
- CRChoose for stamped, formed or cold-headed sheet parts needing a clean surface and tighter thickness tolerance.380 MPa yield · 135 HB
- NormalizedPick for uniform fine-grain structure and better toughness/consistency before machining, carburizing or in welded structures.310 MPa yield · 131 HB
- AnnealedUse when maximum ductility for severe cold forming, deep drawing or stress relief after heavy cold work is required.275 MPa yield · 111 HB
Working with 1022-CD
Is 1022 easy to machine?
Machines like 1018/1020 — gummy in the annealed state, best in cold-drawn or normalized condition with sharp positive-rake tools, high speed and generous coolant; expect ~65–70 % of 1212.
Can 1022 be welded?
Readily welded by all arc, resistance and flash processes with E70XX/ER70S-x filler; carbon equivalent ≈0.40 so preheat only for heavy sections or restrained joints, and never weld after carburizing.
Can 1022 be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent cold heading, bending and drawing in HR/annealed condition; cold-drawn bar has reduced ductility and may need stress relief before severe forming.
What surface finishes work on 1022?
No inherent corrosion protection — zinc/electro-zinc plate, phosphate + oil, black oxide, paint or e-coat; polishes only to a moderate lustre and can be case-hardened before final grinding.
1022 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CSAE J403 / ASTM A29 grade 1022 | 0.18 – 0.23 | 0.21 |
| Mn | 0.7 – 1 | 0.85 |
| P0.030 max for some SAE bar/wire products | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| S0.035 max for SAE J403 non-resulfurized wire | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Sinot specified for all product forms; typical for killed steel | 0.15 – 0.35 | 0.25 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1022-CD — frequently asked
What is 1022-CD used for?
1022-CD is typically used for fasteners, pinion shafts and light forgings. In short: cold-heading carbon bar.
What is the yield strength of 1022-CD?
1022-CD has a typical yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 475 MPa (68.9 ksi) — weaker than 60% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 1022-CD easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (64/100, better than 92% of steel grades). Machines like 1018/1020 — gummy in the annealed state, best in cold-drawn or normalized condition with sharp positive-rake tools, high speed and generous coolant; expect ~65–70 % of 1212.
Can 1022-CD be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (88/100). Readily welded by all arc, resistance and flash processes with E70XX/ER70S-x filler; carbon equivalent ≈0.40 so preheat only for heavy sections or restrained joints, and never weld after carburizing.
What surface finishes work on 1022-CD?
No inherent corrosion protection — zinc/electro-zinc plate, phosphate + oil, black oxide, paint or e-coat; polishes only to a moderate lustre and can be case-hardened before final grinding.
Can 1022-CD be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent cold heading, bending and drawing in HR/annealed condition; cold-drawn bar has reduced ductility and may need stress relief before severe forming.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1022-CD?
1022-CD is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1022-HR and 1022-CD?
HR is the default condition — cheapest and most stocked form; pick for weldments, machined parts with generous stock allowance, and blanks to be carburized. CD: pick for straight, on-size bright bar going straight to turning/milling or to screw-machine work with better chip control. Yield strength is 235 MPa in HR versus 400 MPa in CD.
Can FabDigit make parts in 1022-CD?
Yes — 1022-CD is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- SAE J403 — Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — SAE International (2014)
- ASTM A29/A29M — Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements — ASTM (2020)
- ASTM A108 — Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished — ASTM (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Metals Reference Book (typical mechanical properties of hot-rolled and cold-drawn carbon steels) — ASM International (1993)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16 — Machining — ASM International (1989)
- GB/T 699 — (22Mn/20Mn comparable grades) — SAC (2015)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.