Steel 1019
AISI/SAE 1019 · UNS G10190
1019 is a plain low-carbon steel (0.15–0.20 % C) in the SAE/AISI 10xx family — UNS G10190, comparable to JIS S20C — with slightly more manganese than 1018 for a small strength gain.
Reference datasheet — 1019 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the CD condition
1019 tempers and conditions
1019 is supplied in 6 conditions, soft to hard. CD is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hot rolled | Lowest-cost condition for welded structures and parts that will be machined all over or later heat treated. | 225 | 407 | 25 | 116 HB | — |
Normalized | Use to refine grain and homogenize forgings or weldments before machining or carburizing. | 250 | 430 | 30 | 121 HB | — |
Solution annealed | Softest condition, chosen for maximum cold formability (deep drawing, cold heading) or to soften after cold work. | 260 | 385 | 34 | 111 HB | — |
Cold Drawn, Stress Relieved | Choose when machined parts must stay straight — residual drawing stresses are removed at ~550–650 °C with only slight strength loss. | 360 | 450 | 18 | 126 HB | 10.8 % IACS |
CDDefault Cold drawn | Standard stock condition: higher strength, close size tolerance and bright surface for shafts, pins and screw-machine parts. | 395 | 470 | 15 | 131 HB | — |
Carburized, Quenched & Tempered | Pick for gears, pins and bushings needing a hard wear surface over a tough, ductile low-carbon core. | 430 | 640 | 15 | 60 HRC | — |
What is 1019?
1019 is a plain low-carbon steel (0.15–0.20 % C) in the SAE/AISI 10xx family — UNS G10190, comparable to JIS S20C — with slightly more manganese than 1018 for a small strength gain. Cold-drawn bar gives about 395 MPa yield, 470 MPa tensile, 15 % elongation and 131 HB (73 HRB), and stock is available hot-rolled, cold-drawn, cold-drawn stress-relieved, normalized, annealed or carburized and tempered. It has no inherent corrosion resistance and a practical service limit near 400 °C. Machining is gummy in the soft conditions; specify 1117 or 12L14 if chip control governs. 1019 has a density of 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). 1019 has a yield strength of 395 MPa (57.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — weaker than 63% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 15% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
What is 1019 used for?
- machine parts
- carburized gears
- shafts
- structural brackets
- cold-formed components
Advantages
- Conducts heat well — 51.9 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 96% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 10.8 % IACS, better than 94% of steel grades
- Readily welded — 90/100, better than 90% of steel grades
- Easy to machine — 62/100, better than 89% of steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 70/100, better than 86% of steel grades
1019 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1019-CD; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
1019 has a density of 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical16
1019 has a yield strength of 395 MPa (57.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — weaker than 63% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 15% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
Thermal6
1019 is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 51.9 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 96% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.7 µm/m·K (6.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1019 conducts electricity at 10.8 % IACS, better than 94% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1019 takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 2 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability8
1019's machinability is good (62/100, better than 89% of steel grades); weldability excellent (90/100); formability very good (70/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. 1019 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 1019
Is 1019 easy to machine?
Gummy in the annealed/hot-rolled state — prefer cold drawn, sharp positive-rake tools, high speed and good coolant to avoid built-up edge; consider 1117/12L14 if chips are a problem.
Can 1019 be welded?
Excellent by all arc, resistance and oxyfuel processes with ER70S-x/E70xx filler; no preheat needed under ~25 mm section.
Can 1019 be formed, bent or molded?
Very good cold bending, roll forming, stamping and cold heading; anneal or use hot rolled stock for severe draws.
1019 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CSAE J403 / ASTM A29 | 0.15 – 0.2 | 0.18 |
| Mn | 0.7 – 1 | 0.85 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 1019?
No natural corrosion resistance — specify zinc or nickel plating, phosphate + oil, black oxide or paint; case hardening also improves wear.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel 1019 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- G10190
- Similar grades
- 20S20C
How much does 1019 cost?
1019 is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
1019 — frequently asked
What is 1019 used for?
1019 is typically used for machine parts, carburized gears, shafts, structural brackets and cold-formed components. In short: highly weldable low-carbon bar; slightly stronger than 1018; low-cost carburizing grade.
What is the yield strength of 1019?
1019 has a typical yield strength of 395 MPa (57.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — weaker than 63% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 1019 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (62/100, better than 89% of steel grades). Gummy in the annealed/hot-rolled state — prefer cold drawn, sharp positive-rake tools, high speed and good coolant to avoid built-up edge; consider 1117/12L14 if chips are a problem.
Can 1019 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (90/100). Excellent by all arc, resistance and oxyfuel processes with ER70S-x/E70xx filler; no preheat needed under ~25 mm section.
What surface finishes work on 1019?
No natural corrosion resistance — specify zinc or nickel plating, phosphate + oil, black oxide or paint; case hardening also improves wear.
Can 1019 be formed, bent or molded?
Very good cold bending, roll forming, stamping and cold heading; anneal or use hot rolled stock for severe draws.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1019?
1019 is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1019-CD and 1019-HR?
CD is the default condition — standard stock condition: higher strength, close size tolerance and bright surface for shafts, pins and screw-machine parts. HR: lowest-cost condition for welded structures and parts that will be machined all over or later heat treated. Yield strength is 395 MPa in CD versus 225 MPa in HR.
How much does 1019 cost?
1019 is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- SAE J403 — Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — SAE International (2014)
- ASTM A29/A29M — Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements — ASTM (2020)
- ASTM A108 — Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished — ASTM (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Machinery's Handbook, 31st ed. (machinability ratings) — Industrial Press (2020)
- Mysteel / 1688 — Mysteel (2025)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.