Steel SPHD
JIS G 3131 SPHD
SPHD is a hot-rolled drawing-quality low-carbon sheet steel, positioned between SPHC and SPHE in formability within the same sheet family.
Values for the HR condition
SPHD tempers and conditions
SPHD is supplied in 3 conditions, soft to hard. HR is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 3 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cold rolled | Choose when the part needs thin gauge, tight thickness tolerance and a bright smooth surface for visible deep-drawn shells. | 200 | 300 | 40 | 92 HB | 10.8 % IACS |
hot rolled, pickled and oiled | Pick when scale-free surface is needed for direct stamping, welding or painting without extra descaling. | 225 | 315 | 38 | 98 HB | 10.8 % IACS |
HRDefault Hot rolled | Default mill supply for drawn or stamped parts where the black oxide scale is acceptable or will be removed downstream. | 230 | 320 | 37 | 100 HB | 10.8 % IACS |
Supply forms, finishes and certifications
Ways SPHD is supplied — form, process route, surface or paperwork — without a datasheet of their own. The property values above apply.
| Option | What it is | Type |
|---|---|---|
Galvanized | Hot-dip zinc coated | Coating |
What is SPHD?
SPHD is a hot-rolled drawing-quality low-carbon sheet steel, positioned between SPHC and SPHE in formability within the same sheet family. Typical values are 230 MPa yield, 320 MPa tensile, 37% elongation and about 100 HB, and it is supplied as hot-rolled, pickled-and-oiled, cold-rolled and galvanized coil for drawn enclosures and pressed panels. Bare material has no corrosion resistance and must be coated, and strength is low; SPHE is the step up when the draw depth increases. SPHD has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,495°C (2,723 °F). SPHD has a yield strength of 230 MPa (33.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 320 MPa (46.4 ksi) — weaker than 97% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 37% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
What is SPHD used for?
- Drawn enclosures and housings
- Truck body and cab panels
- Pressed chassis brackets and reinforcements
- Appliance shells
- Oil pans and fluid reservoirs
- HVAC duct and plenum sections
- Storage rack and shelving components
Advantages
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 37%, better than 98% of steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 90/100, better than 98% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 10.8 % IACS, better than 94% of steel grades
- Readily welded — 92/100, better than 93% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 51 W/m·K (29.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 92% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 230 MPa (33.4 ksi), worse than 97% of steel grades
- Hard to polish — 40/100, worse than 96% of steel grades
SPHD properties
Typical room-temperature values for SPHD-HR; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
SPHD has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,495°C (2,723 °F).
Mechanical16
SPHD has a yield strength of 230 MPa (33.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 320 MPa (46.4 ksi) — weaker than 97% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 37% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
Thermal6
SPHD is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 51 W/m·K (29.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 92% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
SPHD conducts electricity at 10.8 % IACS, better than 94% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of SPHD takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 2.2 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability7
SPHD's machinability is good (55/100, better than 62% of steel grades); weldability excellent (92/100); formability excellent (90/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. SPHD is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with SPHD
Is SPHD easy to machine?
Very soft and gummy — use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed and generous coolant to avoid burrs and built-up edge; punching and laser/plasma cutting are preferred over milling.
Can SPHD be welded?
Excellent weldability by resistance spot, MAG, TIG and laser with no preheat (CE ≈ 0.10–0.15); remove mill scale or zinc coating locally and ventilate for galvanized stock.
Can SPHD be formed, bent or molded?
Drawing-quality grade: deep-draws, stretch-flanges and roll-forms readily; watch strain-rate sensitivity, stretcher strains after long storage (age from free N) and use good drawing lubricant.
Manufacturability
The process limits FabDigit applies to SPHD. Every SPHD part is priced by an engineer; design inside these and the quote comes back without a redesign loop.
Sheet metal
| Formability | Excellent90 / 100 |
|---|---|
| Weldability | Excellent92 / 100 |
| Bendable | Yes |
SPHD chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CJIS G 3131 SPHD ladle analysis | ≤ 0.1 | 0.06 |
| Mn | ≤ 0.5 | 0.3 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.04 | 0.01 |
| Sinot specified by JIS; mills keep low for drawability | ≤ 0.05 | 0.02 |
| Altypical Al-killed practice, not a JIS requirement | 0.02 – 0.07 | 0.04 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on SPHD?
No corrosion resistance bare — phosphate + e-coat/powder, zinc plate or hot-dip galvanize; pickled surface accepts paint directly, black hot-rolled scale must be blasted or pickled first.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Plating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel SPHD in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- JIS
- G 3131 SPHD
How much does SPHD cost?
SPHD is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 99% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
SPHD — frequently asked
What is SPHD used for?
SPHD is typically used for drawn enclosures and housings, truck body and cab panels, pressed chassis brackets and reinforcements, appliance shells, oil pans and fluid reservoirs and HVAC duct and plenum sections. In short: deep-drawing hot-rolled sheet.
What is the yield strength of SPHD?
SPHD has a typical yield strength of 230 MPa (33.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 320 MPa (46.4 ksi) — weaker than 97% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 3 listed tempers.
Is SPHD easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (55/100, better than 62% of steel grades). Very soft and gummy — use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed and generous coolant to avoid burrs and built-up edge; punching and laser/plasma cutting are preferred over milling.
Can SPHD be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (92/100). Excellent weldability by resistance spot, MAG, TIG and laser with no preheat (CE ≈ 0.10–0.15); remove mill scale or zinc coating locally and ventilate for galvanized stock.
What surface finishes work on SPHD?
No corrosion resistance bare — phosphate + e-coat/powder, zinc plate or hot-dip galvanize; pickled surface accepts paint directly, black hot-rolled scale must be blasted or pickled first.
Can SPHD be formed, bent or molded?
Drawing-quality grade: deep-draws, stretch-flanges and roll-forms readily; watch strain-rate sensitivity, stretcher strains after long storage (age from free N) and use good drawing lubricant.
What is the maximum service temperature of SPHD?
SPHD is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between SPHD-HR and SPHD-CR?
HR is the default condition — default mill supply for drawn or stamped parts where the black oxide scale is acceptable or will be removed downstream. CR: choose when the part needs thin gauge, tight thickness tolerance and a bright smooth surface for visible deep-drawn shells. Yield strength is 230 MPa in HR versus 200 MPa in CR.
How much does SPHD cost?
SPHD is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 99% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Can FabDigit make parts in SPHD?
Yes — SPHD is available for sheet metal; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- JIS G 3131 — Hot-rolled mild steel plates, sheets and strip — Japanese Standards Association (2018)
- GB/T 912 / GB/T 3274 — Hot-rolled carbon structural and drawing steel sheet — SAC (2017)
- ASTM A1011/A1011M — Steel Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, CS/DS grades — ASTM (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels — ASM International (1990)
- Machinery's Handbook, 31st ed. (machinability ratings) — Industrial Press (2020)
- Hot-rolled pickled and galvanized coil datasheets (Nippon Steel / Baosteel) — mill datasheets (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.