Aluminum ZL110 T1-J
Temper · default condition
GB ZL110
The usual production condition: chill casting plus ageing gives a good strength/cost balance and dimensional stability for engine and machine parts.
Values for the T1-J condition
Other ZL110 tempers and conditions
ZL110 is listed in 7 conditions; see the grade overview at ZL110.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | Cheapest route for low-stress or large one-off sand castings where no heat treatment is applied. | 100 | 135 | 0.5 | 80 HB | 27 % IACS |
F | Chill-cast as-cast condition; finer structure raises strength ~25 % over sand casting with no heat-treat cost. | 120 | 165 | 0.6 | 82 HB | 27.5 % IACS |
T1 | Simple ageing of a sand casting to stabilise dimensions and lift hardness without distortion risk from quenching. | 120 | 155 | 0.4 | 90 HB | 29 % IACS |
T5 | Short low-temperature age used mainly to stabilise dimensions of machined castings with a modest hardness gain. | 135 | 185 | 0.6 | 88 HB | 28.5 % IACS |
T1-JDefaultThis page T1 | The usual production condition: chill casting plus ageing gives a good strength/cost balance and dimensional stability for engine and machine parts. | 155 | 210 | 0.5 | 92 HB | 29 % IACS |
T7 | Overaged for maximum dimensional and thermal stability in parts running hot for long periods, at some loss of strength versus T6. | 180 | 225 | 0.8 | 95 HB | 31 % IACS |
T6 | Highest-strength condition; choose for loaded pistons/heads where the quench distortion and extra cost are acceptable. | 215 | 260 | 0.5 | 105 HB | 27 % IACS |
What is ZL110 T1-J?
ZL110 T1-J is ZL110 in the T1-J temper — the usual production condition: chill casting plus ageing gives a good strength/cost balance and dimensional stability for engine and machine parts. ZL110 T1-J has a yield strength of 155 MPa (22.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 210 MPa (30.5 ksi) — weaker than 63% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 0.5% and the elastic modulus is 72 GPa (10.4 Msi). ZL110 T1-J has a density of 2.8 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³), heavier than 81% of aluminum grades. It melts at 525°C (977 °F).
Advantages
- Low embodied carbon — 9.5 kg CO₂/kg, better than 97% of aluminum grades
- High service temperature — 200°C (392 °F), better than 90% of aluminum grades
Limitations
- Limited ductility — 0.5%, worse than 99% of aluminum grades
- Low fracture toughness — 14 MPa·√m (12.7 ksi·√in), worse than 97% of aluminum grades
- Limited formability — 5/100, worse than 94% of aluminum grades
- Hard to polish — 40/100, worse than 91% of aluminum grades
- Difficult to weld — 22/100, worse than 83% of aluminum grades
ZL110 T1-J properties
Typical room-temperature values for ZL110 T1-J; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are ZL110 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among aluminum grades.
Physical3
ZL110 T1-J has a density of 2.8 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³), heavier than 81% of aluminum grades. It melts at 525°C (977 °F).
Mechanical16
ZL110 T1-J has a yield strength of 155 MPa (22.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 210 MPa (30.5 ksi) — weaker than 63% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 0.5% and the elastic modulus is 72 GPa (10.4 Msi).
Thermal6
ZL110 T1-J is rated for continuous service to 200°C (392 °F). It conducts heat at 120 W/m·K (69.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 80% of aluminum grades. Thermal expansion is 21 µm/m·K (11.7 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
ZL110 T1-J conducts electricity at 29 % IACS, worse than 78% of aluminum grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is fair (38/100), worse than 79% of aluminum grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of ZL110 T1-J takes about 150 MJ of energy and emits 9.5 kg of CO₂ — less than 97% of aluminum grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability8
ZL110 T1-J's machinability is good (62/100, better than 55% of aluminum grades); weldability poor (22/100); formability not recommended (5/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with ZL110 T1-J
Is ZL110 easy to machine?
Machines freely with sharp carbide or PCD tooling and high speeds; the eutectic Si is abrasive, so expect tool wear and use flood coolant to avoid built-up edge.
Can ZL110 be welded?
Poor fusion weldability — the high Cu content promotes hot cracking; repair only with 4047/4145 filler, low heat input and preheat, then re-age.
Can ZL110 be formed, bent or molded?
Sand or permanent-mould cast only; good fluidity from the 5 % Si but feed heavily and use chills, as Cu widens the freezing range and raises shrinkage/hot-tear risk.
What surface finishes work on ZL110?
Anodising gives dark, uneven films — use chromate conversion, primer/paint or hard anodise for wear only; shot blasting and impregnation are common for pressure-tight castings.
ZL110 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Sifluidity and wear resistance | 4 – 6 | 5 |
| Cumain strengthener, gives hot strength | 5 – 8 | 6.5 |
| Mgage-hardening addition | 0.2 – 0.5 | 0.35 |
| Feimpurity; 0.6 max for sand casting per GB/T 1173 | ≤ 0.8 | — |
| Mnimpurity limit | ≤ 0.5 | — |
| Znimpurity limit | ≤ 0.3 | — |
| Tigrain refiner / impurity | ≤ 0.2 | — |
| Niimpurity limit | ≤ 0.3 | — |
| Snimpurity limit | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Pbimpurity limit | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| others (each)total ≤ 1.0 % impurities | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Al | balance | — |
ZL110 T1-J — frequently asked
What is ZL110 T1-J used for?
ZL110 T1-J is typically used for engine and gearbox housings, machine tool castings, pump and valve bodies, general mechanical castings, brackets and mounting bodies and pressure-tight impregnated castings. In short: high-copper ZL casting alloy; 200 °C service capability; very low elongation.
What is the yield strength of ZL110 T1-J?
ZL110 T1-J has a typical yield strength of 155 MPa (22.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 210 MPa (30.5 ksi) — weaker than 63% of aluminum grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is ZL110 T1-J easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (62/100, better than 55% of aluminum grades). Machines freely with sharp carbide or PCD tooling and high speeds; the eutectic Si is abrasive, so expect tool wear and use flood coolant to avoid built-up edge.
Can ZL110 T1-J be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (22/100). Poor fusion weldability — the high Cu content promotes hot cracking; repair only with 4047/4145 filler, low heat input and preheat, then re-age.
What surface finishes work on ZL110 T1-J?
Anodising gives dark, uneven films — use chromate conversion, primer/paint or hard anodise for wear only; shot blasting and impregnation are common for pressure-tight castings.
Can ZL110 T1-J be formed, bent or molded?
Sand or permanent-mould cast only; good fluidity from the 5 % Si but feed heavily and use chills, as Cu widens the freezing range and raises shrinkage/hot-tear risk.
What is the maximum service temperature of ZL110 T1-J?
ZL110 T1-J is rated for continuous use to about 200°C (392 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between ZL110 T1-J and ZL110 T6-J?
T1-J is the default condition — the usual production condition: chill casting plus ageing gives a good strength/cost balance and dimensional stability for engine and machine parts. T6-J: highest-strength condition; choose for loaded pistons/heads where the quench distortion and extra cost are acceptable. Yield strength is 155 MPa in T1-J versus 215 MPa in T6-J.
Sources
- ASM Handbook Vol.2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.15 — Casting — ASM International (2008)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.