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Copper Alloy C99400-M01

Finish state

UNS C99400 · ASTM B584

M01 = as sand cast

Standard as-sand-cast condition of C99400 nickel-manganese-aluminium bronze-brass, combining ~415 MPa strength with good ductility, seawater corrosion resistance and easy machining.

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Values for the M01 condition

Other C99400 tempers and conditions

C99400 is listed in 4 conditions; see the grade overview at C99400.

Compare all 4 conditionsHide
Condition · open for datasheetBest forYield MPaTensile MPaElong. %HardnessConductivity
FDefault
As fabricated
Default stocked/produced condition: good ductility and toughness for general marine and industrial castings.20541520125 HB8 % IACS
M01This page
As sand cast
Standard as-sand-cast condition of C99400 nickel-manganese-aluminium bronze-brass, combining ~415 MPa strength with good ductility, seawater corrosion resistance and easy machining.22144822140 HB8 % IACS
M05
As plaster cast
Choose for thinner, faster-solidified sections: finer grain gives ~5–10 % higher strength and hardness than sand cast.23045018135 HB8 % IACS
HT
Solution treated and precipitation (age) hardened
Choose when maximum strength, wear resistance and hardness are needed (gears, bushings, high-load valve parts) and lower ductility is acceptable.38054512180 HB10 % IACS

What is C99400-M01?

C99400-M01 is C99400 supplied in the M01 condition — standard as-sand-cast condition of C99400 nickel-manganese-aluminium bronze-brass, combining ~415 MPa strength with good ductility, seawater corrosion resistance and easy machining. C99400-M01 has a yield strength of 221 MPa (32.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 448 MPa (65 ksi) — stronger than 50% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 117 GPa (17 Msi). C99400-M01 has a density of 8.19 g/cm³ (0.296 lb/in³), lighter than 85% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 1,010°C (1,850 °F). F is the default condition FabDigit quotes; M01 is available on request or by drawing note.

Advantages

  • High service temperature — 260°C (500 °F), better than 75% of copper alloy grades
  • Easy to machine — 62/100, better than 75% of copper alloy grades

Limitations

  • Limited formability — 10/100, worse than 89% of copper alloy grades
  • Poor heat conductor — 35 W/m·K (20.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 88% of copper alloy grades
  • Low electrical conductivity — 8 % IACS, worse than 81% of copper alloy grades

C99400-M01 properties

Typical room-temperature values for C99400-M01; 32 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are C99400 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among copper alloy grades.

Physical3

C99400-M01 has a density of 8.19 g/cm³ (0.296 lb/in³), lighter than 85% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 1,010°C (1,850 °F).

Density8.19 g/cm³0.3 lb/in³
Melting Point (Solidus)1,010°C1,850 °F
Liquidus Temperature1,038°C1,900 °F

Mechanical13

C99400-M01 has a yield strength of 221 MPa (32.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 448 MPa (65 ksi) — stronger than 50% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 117 GPa (17 Msi).

Elastic (Young's) Modulus117 GPa17 Msi
Shear Modulus44 GPa6.4 Msi
Bulk Modulus120 GPa17.4 Msi
Poisson's Ratio0.33
Tensile Strength (Ultimate)448 MPa65 ksi
Yield Strength (0.2% offset)221 MPa32.1 ksi
Elongation at Break22%
Compressive Strength430 MPa62.4 ksi
Shear Strength290 MPa42.1 ksi
Fatigue Strength (Endurance Limit)155 MPa22.5 ksi
Charpy V-Notch Impact (RT)20 J14.8 ft·lbf
Hardness, Brinell140 HB
Hardness, Rockwell B72 HRB

Thermal6

C99400-M01 is rated for continuous service to 260°C (500 °F). It conducts heat at 35 W/m·K (20.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 88% of copper alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 13.9 µm/m·K (7.72 µin/in·°F).

Thermal Conductivity35 W/m·K20.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F
Specific Heat Capacity377 J/kg·K0.09 BTU/lb·°F
Thermal Expansion (CTE, 20–100 °C)13.9 µm/m·K7.7 µin/in·°F
Latent Heat of Fusion205 J/g88.1 BTU/lb
Max Service Temperature (continuous)260°C500 °F
Min Service Temperature-200°C-328 °F

Electrical3

C99400-M01 conducts electricity at 8 % IACS, worse than 81% of copper alloy grades.

Electrical Conductivity8 % IACS
Electrical Resistivity2.15×10⁻⁷ Ω·m8.46 µΩ·in
Magnetic Responseweakly magnetic

Chemical & Environmental3

Corrosion resistance is very good (70/100), better than 76% of copper alloy grades.

Galvanic Potential (seawater, vs SCE)-0.25 V
Corrosion ResistanceVery good70/100
Chemical Resistance SummaryGood resistance to seawater, mild acids and industrial atmospheres; attacked by oxidizing acids, ammonia and sulfide-polluted waters.

Sustainability4

Producing a kilogram of C99400-M01 takes about 55 MJ of energy and emits 3.6 kg of CO₂ — less than 72% of copper alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 55%.

Embodied Energy (primary production)55 MJ/kg23,646 BTU/lb
Embodied Carbon (primary production)3.6 kg CO₂/kg
Embodied Water280 L/kg33.6 gal/lb
Typical Recycled Content55%

Manufacturability7

C99400-M01's machinability is good (62/100, better than 75% of copper alloy grades); weldability fair (45/100); formability not recommended (10/100).

MachinabilityGood62/100
WeldabilityFair45/100
Formability (cold)Not recommended10/100
CastabilityVery good80/100
Brazeability / SolderabilityGood55/100
PolishabilityVery good75/100
Anodizing Responsen/a — copper alloy, not anodised; use passivation, tin/nickel plating or clear lacquer

Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.

Working with C99400-M01

Is C99400 easy to machine?

Machines like a medium-hard bronze (~80 % of free-cutting brass): use sharp carbide tools, positive rake, moderate speeds and flood coolant; hard silicide particles increase tool wear, and the aged HT condition cuts noticeably slower.

Can C99400 be welded?

GTAW/GMAW possible with matched or silicon-bronze filler and 150–250 °C preheat, but the aluminium content forms a tenacious oxide and the alloy is hot-short — clean thoroughly, avoid heavy restraint, and re-age after welding of HT parts.

Can C99400 be formed, bent or molded?

Foundry alloy only — good fluidity for sand, permanent-mold and centrifugal casting; feed heavy sections with risers and use degassing to avoid gas porosity; no cold forming.

What surface finishes work on C99400?

Takes a bright white polish and buffs well; not anodisable — protect with tin, nickel or chrome plating, chemical passivation or clear lacquer; abrasive blasting removes casting skin before plating.

C99400 chemical composition (wt %)

Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.

ElementSpec limit (wt %)Nominal
NiNi + Co1 – 3.52.2
Fe1 – 31.8
Al0.5 – 21.2
Siwith Ni forms age-hardening silicides0.5 – 21.2
Zn0.5 – 21.2
Mn≤ 0.50.3
Pbimpurity limit≤ 0.25—
Cubalance—

C99400-M01 — frequently asked

What is C99400-M01 used for?

C99400-M01 is typically used for marine hardware, pump components, valve bodies and industrial fittings. In short: most corrosion-resistant cast brass; heat-treatable to higher hardness; slowest machining of the family.

What is the yield strength of C99400-M01?

C99400-M01 has a typical yield strength of 221 MPa (32.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 448 MPa (65 ksi) — stronger than 50% of copper alloy grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 4 listed tempers.

Is C99400-M01 easy to machine?

Reasonably — machinability is rated good (62/100, better than 75% of copper alloy grades). Machines like a medium-hard bronze (~80 % of free-cutting brass): use sharp carbide tools, positive rake, moderate speeds and flood coolant; hard silicide particles increase tool wear, and the aged HT condition cuts noticeably slower.

Can C99400-M01 be welded?

With care — weldability is rated fair (45/100). GTAW/GMAW possible with matched or silicon-bronze filler and 150–250 °C preheat, but the aluminium content forms a tenacious oxide and the alloy is hot-short — clean thoroughly, avoid heavy restraint, and re-age after welding of HT parts.

What surface finishes work on C99400-M01?

Takes a bright white polish and buffs well; not anodisable — protect with tin, nickel or chrome plating, chemical passivation or clear lacquer; abrasive blasting removes casting skin before plating.

Can C99400-M01 be formed, bent or molded?

Foundry alloy only — good fluidity for sand, permanent-mold and centrifugal casting; feed heavy sections with risers and use degassing to avoid gas porosity; no cold forming.

What is the maximum service temperature of C99400-M01?

C99400-M01 is rated for continuous use to about 260°C (500 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.

What is the difference between C99400-F and C99400-HT?

F is the default condition — default stocked/produced condition: good ductility and toughness for general marine and industrial castings. HT: choose when maximum strength, wear resistance and hardness are needed (gears, bushings, high-load valve parts) and lower ductility is acceptable. Yield strength is 205 MPa in F versus 380 MPa in HT.

Sources

  1. ASTM B584 — Standard Specification for Copper Alloy Sand Castings for General Applications — ASTM International (2022)
  2. CDA Alloy Database — C99400 composition and properties — Copper Development Association (copper.org) (2023)
  3. ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials — ASM International (1990)
  4. ASM Specialty Handbook: Copper and Copper Alloys — ASM International (2001)

Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.