Copper Alloy C94400-M01
Finish state · default condition
UNS C94400
M01 = as sand cast
Standard stocked form for bushings, bearing blanks, valve and pump parts of arbitrary shape.
Values for the M01 condition
Other C94400 tempers and conditions
C94400 is listed in 3 conditions; see the grade overview at C94400.
Compare all 3 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M01DefaultThis page As sand cast | Standard stocked form for bushings, bearing blanks, valve and pump parts of arbitrary shape. | 110 | 221 | 18 | 55 HB | 12 % IACS |
As plaster cast | Choose for large-diameter sleeves and bushings needing dense, porosity-free walls. | 117 | 234 | 20 | 60 HB | 12 % IACS |
As continuous cast | Best choice for machined bar/tube bearing stock: finest structure, highest strength and hardness of the cast forms. | 124 | 241 | 15 | 65 HB | 12 % IACS |
What is C94400-M01?
C94400-M01 is C94400 supplied in the M01 condition — standard stocked form for bushings, bearing blanks, valve and pump parts of arbitrary shape. C94400-M01 has a yield strength of 110 MPa (16 ksi) and a tensile strength of 221 MPa (32.1 ksi) — weaker than 82% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 18% and the elastic modulus is 76 GPa (11 Msi). C94400-M01 has a density of 8.93 g/cm³ (0.323 lb/in³), heavier than 82% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 762°C (1,404 °F).
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 82/100, better than 90% of copper alloy grades
Limitations
- Low stiffness — 76 GPa (11 Msi), worse than 98% of copper alloy grades
- Hard to polish — 55/100, worse than 97% of copper alloy grades
- Difficult to weld — 12/100, worse than 96% of copper alloy grades
- Limited formability — 8/100, worse than 94% of copper alloy grades
- Low strength — 110 MPa (16 ksi), worse than 82% of copper alloy grades
C94400-M01 properties
Typical room-temperature values for C94400-M01; 19 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are C94400 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among copper alloy grades.
Physical3
C94400-M01 has a density of 8.93 g/cm³ (0.323 lb/in³), heavier than 82% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 762°C (1,404 °F).
Mechanical12
C94400-M01 has a yield strength of 110 MPa (16 ksi) and a tensile strength of 221 MPa (32.1 ksi) — weaker than 82% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 18% and the elastic modulus is 76 GPa (11 Msi).
Thermal5
C94400-M01 is rated for continuous service to 230°C (446 °F). It conducts heat at 47 W/m·K (27.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 69% of copper alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 18.5 µm/m·K (10.3 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
C94400-M01 conducts electricity at 12 % IACS, worse than 62% of copper alloy grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (55/100), worse than 86% of copper alloy grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of C94400-M01 takes about 55 MJ of energy and emits 3.7 kg of CO₂ — less than 72% of copper alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 85%.
Manufacturability8
C94400-M01's machinability is very good (82/100, better than 90% of copper alloy grades); weldability not recommended (12/100); formability not recommended (8/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with C94400-M01
Is C94400 easy to machine?
Very free machining (≈80% of free-cutting brass) — use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed, light feed; lead gives short chips and excellent surface finish.
Can C94400 be welded?
Fusion welding not recommended because of the high lead content (hot cracking, porosity); repair by soft soldering or mechanical joining.
Can C94400 be formed, bent or molded?
Casting alloy only — sand, centrifugal, permanent-mold and continuous casting; wide freezing range needs good feeding to avoid interdendritic shrinkage; no cold forming.
What surface finishes work on C94400?
Machined or ground finishes are normal; can be tin- or nickel-plated for cosmetics or barrier duty, but polishing is limited by lead smearing; not anodizable.
C94400 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CuCu + named elements ≥ 99.3% | 78 – 82 | 81 |
| Sn | 7 – 9 | 8 |
| Pbfree lead phase gives bearing/machining performance | 9 – 11 | 11 |
| Zn | ≤ 0.8 | — |
| Niincluding Co | ≤ 1 | — |
| Fe | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Sb | ≤ 0.8 | — |
| S | ≤ 0.08 | — |
| P | ≤ 1.5 | — |
| Al | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Si | ≤ 0.01 | — |
C94400-M01 — frequently asked
What is C94400-M01 used for?
C94400-M01 is typically used for bearings, bushings, valve bodies and pump parts. In short: balanced strength and machinability; general-purpose bearing bronze; highest elongation of the leaded grades.
What is the yield strength of C94400-M01?
C94400-M01 has a typical yield strength of 110 MPa (16 ksi) and a tensile strength of 221 MPa (32.1 ksi) — weaker than 82% of copper alloy grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 3 listed tempers.
Is C94400-M01 easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (82/100, better than 90% of copper alloy grades). Very free machining (≈80% of free-cutting brass) — use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed, light feed; lead gives short chips and excellent surface finish.
Can C94400-M01 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated not recommended (12/100). Fusion welding not recommended because of the high lead content (hot cracking, porosity); repair by soft soldering or mechanical joining.
What surface finishes work on C94400-M01?
Machined or ground finishes are normal; can be tin- or nickel-plated for cosmetics or barrier duty, but polishing is limited by lead smearing; not anodizable.
Can C94400-M01 be formed, bent or molded?
Casting alloy only — sand, centrifugal, permanent-mold and continuous casting; wide freezing range needs good feeding to avoid interdendritic shrinkage; no cold forming.
What is the maximum service temperature of C94400-M01?
C94400-M01 is rated for continuous use to about 230°C (446 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between C94400-M01 and C94400-M07?
M01 is the default condition — standard stocked form for bushings, bearing blanks, valve and pump parts of arbitrary shape. M07: best choice for machined bar/tube bearing stock: finest structure, highest strength and hardness of the cast forms. Yield strength is 110 MPa in M01 versus 124 MPa in M07.
Sources
- ASTM B584 — Copper Alloy Sand Castings for General Applications — ASTM International (2022)
- ASTM B505/B505M — Copper Alloy Continuous Castings — ASTM International (2018)
- ASTM B271 — Copper-Base Alloy Centrifugal Castings — ASTM International (2020)
- CDA Alloy Datasheet C94400 (High-Leaded Tin Bronze) — Copper Development Association (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- GB/T 1176 (ZCuPb10Sn10 ) (2013)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.