Steel P235TR1
EN 1.0254
P235TR1 is a non-alloy quality steel specified in EN 10216-1 for seamless steel tubes used in pressure equipment, offering reliable performance in piping and pressure vessel applications at moderate temperatures.
Reference datasheet — P235TR1 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the +N condition
P235TR1 tempers and conditions
P235TR1 is supplied in 5 conditions, soft to hard. +N is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hot rolled | Cheapest delivery route for non-critical low-temperature piping where only the tensile spec must be met. | 270 | 410 | 26 | 118 HB | 10.5 % IACS |
+NDefault Normalized | Standard pressure-tube delivery condition: fine uniform ferrite-pearlite, best toughness and bending behaviour. | 275 | 420 | 28 | 120 HB | — |
Normalizing formed | Equivalent to +N properties without a separate furnace cycle; accepted by EN 10216-1 where a normalized structure is required. | 275 | 420 | 28 | 120 HB | 10.5 % IACS |
Stress relieved | Choose when dimensional stability after machining or bending of cold-drawn tube matters more than peak strength. | 350 | 470 | 16 | 140 HB | 10.4 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Precision cold-drawn tube for tight tolerance and higher strength; not for pressure service unless subsequently normalized. | 420 | 520 | 10 | 155 HB | 10.2 % IACS |
What is P235TR1?
P235TR1 is a non-alloy quality steel specified in EN 10216-1 for seamless steel tubes used in pressure equipment, offering reliable performance in piping and pressure vessel applications at moderate temperatures. P235TR1 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,460°C (2,660 °F). P235TR1 has a yield strength of 275 MPa (39.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 420 MPa (60.9 ksi) — weaker than 91% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 28% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
What is P235TR1 used for?
- pressure piping
- boiler and heat-exchanger tubes
- steam lines
- process piping systems
Advantages
- Forms and bends easily — 88/100, better than 98% of steel grades
- Readily welded — 95/100, better than 97% of steel grades
- Easy to machine — 65/100, better than 93% of steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 28%, better than 89% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 275 MPa (39.9 ksi), worse than 91% of steel grades
- Hard to polish — 45/100, worse than 84% of steel grades
- Limited service temperature — 300°C (572 °F), worse than 78% of steel grades
P235TR1 properties
Typical room-temperature values for P235TR1-+N; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
P235TR1 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,460°C (2,660 °F).
Mechanical16
P235TR1 has a yield strength of 275 MPa (39.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 420 MPa (60.9 ksi) — weaker than 91% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 28% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
Thermal6
P235TR1 is rated for continuous service to 300°C (572 °F). It conducts heat at 50 W/m·K (28.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
P235TR1 conducts electricity at 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (12/100), worse than 53% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of P235TR1 takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 2.1 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
P235TR1's machinability is good (65/100, better than 93% of steel grades); weldability excellent (95/100); formability excellent (88/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. P235TR1 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with P235TR1
Is P235TR1 easy to machine?
Free-cutting is easy but the low-carbon matrix is gummy — use positive rake, sharp coated carbide, high speed and good coolant to avoid built-up edge and stringy chips.
Can P235TR1 be welded?
Excellent weldability by SMAW/GTAW/GMAW/SAW with E/ER70-class consumables; CEV ≈ 0.30 so no preheat is needed below ~25 mm wall, PWHT only per EN 13480 thickness rules.
Can P235TR1 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold bends to tight radii (typically 3–5 × OD) and flares/expands readily in the +N condition; hot forming 850–1050 °C followed by re-normalizing for pressure duty.
P235TR1 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Ccast analysis, EN 10216-1 | ≤ 0.16 | 0.12 |
| Si | ≤ 0.35 | 0.2 |
| Mn | ≤ 1.2 | 0.6 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Crresidual; Cr+Cu+Mo+Ni ≤ 0.70 | ≤ 0.3 | 0.05 |
| Curesidual | ≤ 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Moresidual | ≤ 0.08 | 0.01 |
| Niresidual | ≤ 0.3 | 0.05 |
| Tiresidual | ≤ 0.04 | 0.01 |
| Vresidual | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Nbresidual | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Altotal Al ≥ 0.020 required for the killed TR2 quality; not mandatory for TR1 | ≈ 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on P235TR1?
Not anodizable — protect with hot-dip galvanizing, zinc/epoxy primer, phosphating or 3LPE coating; pickle and passivate before painting to remove mill scale.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel P235TR1 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- 1.0254
- Similar grades
- A106 Grade A
How much does P235TR1 cost?
P235TR1 is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
P235TR1 — frequently asked
What is P235TR1 used for?
P235TR1 is typically used for pressure piping, boiler and heat-exchanger tubes, steam lines and process piping systems. In short: stronger than P195 tube; matches A106 Grade A; workhorse pressure piping grade.
What is the yield strength of P235TR1?
P235TR1 has a typical yield strength of 275 MPa (39.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 420 MPa (60.9 ksi) — weaker than 91% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is P235TR1 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (65/100, better than 93% of steel grades). Free-cutting is easy but the low-carbon matrix is gummy — use positive rake, sharp coated carbide, high speed and good coolant to avoid built-up edge and stringy chips.
Can P235TR1 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (95/100). Excellent weldability by SMAW/GTAW/GMAW/SAW with E/ER70-class consumables; CEV ≈ 0.30 so no preheat is needed below ~25 mm wall, PWHT only per EN 13480 thickness rules.
What surface finishes work on P235TR1?
Not anodizable — protect with hot-dip galvanizing, zinc/epoxy primer, phosphating or 3LPE coating; pickle and passivate before painting to remove mill scale.
Can P235TR1 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold bends to tight radii (typically 3–5 × OD) and flares/expands readily in the +N condition; hot forming 850–1050 °C followed by re-normalizing for pressure duty.
What is the maximum service temperature of P235TR1?
P235TR1 is rated for continuous use to about 300°C (572 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
How much does P235TR1 cost?
P235TR1 is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- EN 10216-1 Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes — Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties — CEN (2013)
- EN 10217-1 Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes — Non-alloy steel tubes — CEN (2019)
- EN 10027-2 / Stahl-Eisen-Liste material number 1.0254 — CEN / VDEh (2015)
- ASTM A106/A106M Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service (Grade A comparison) — ASTM (2019)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- EN 13480-3 Metallic industrial piping — Design and calculation — CEN (2017)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.