Steel A414
ASTM A414
A414 is an ASTM specification for carbon steel sheet used in fusion-welded pressure vessels, with grades A through G (Grade H also listed) differing by minimum tensile strength.
Reference datasheet — A414 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the GrC condition
A414 tempers and conditions
A414 is supplied in 8 conditions, soft to hard. GrC is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 8 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grade A | Lowest-carbon, most formable grade — pick for deep-drawn or tightly rolled thin vessel shells where strength is not the driver. | 205 | 360 | 30 | 105 HB | 52 W/m·K |
Grade B | Common general-purpose grade balancing formability and a modest strength gain over Grade A. | 230 | 390 | 29 | 115 HB | 51 W/m·K |
GrCDefault Grade C | Most widely stocked A414 grade — good mix of design strength, roll-forming ability and unrestricted weldability. | 255 | 425 | 28 | 125 HB | 51 W/m·K |
Grade D | Step up in Mn for higher allowable stress while still cold-forming acceptably. | 275 | 460 | 26 | 135 HB | 50 W/m·K |
Grade E | Higher-Mn grade for thinner vessel walls at the same design pressure. | 295 | 485 | 24 | 143 HB | 50 W/m·K |
Grade F | High-strength end of the range; use where weight or wall thickness matters more than easy forming. | 320 | 515 | 22 | 152 HB | 49 W/m·K |
Grade G | Highest standard A414 strength level; expect reduced ductility and preheat/PWHT attention when welding. | 345 | 550 | 21 | 163 HB | 49 W/m·K |
Grade H | Highest strength class quoted by some mills/distributors above Grade G; confirm against the current ASTM A414 edition before specifying. | 375 | 585 | 19 | 172 HB | 48 W/m·K |
What is A414?
A414 is an ASTM specification for carbon steel sheet used in fusion-welded pressure vessels, with grades A through G (Grade H also listed) differing by minimum tensile strength. It suits thin-wall welded vessels and tanks built from sheet rather than heavy plate; representative properties are 255 MPa yield, 425 MPa tensile, 28 % elongation, 125 HB, 200 GPa modulus and 51 W/m·K, with service to 425 °C. Weldability and formability are high (rated 90 and 88), but corrosion resistance is essentially nil (10), so the sheet must be painted, galvanized or lined. Use A516 plate for heavier wall thicknesses. A414 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,485°C (2,705 °F). A414 has a yield strength of 255 MPa (37 ksi) and a tensile strength of 425 MPa (61.6 ksi) — weaker than 93% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 28% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is A414 used for?
- small pressure vessels
- storage tanks
- LPG containers
- welded pressure equipment shells
Advantages
- Forms and bends easily — 88/100, better than 98% of steel grades
- Easy to machine — 65/100, better than 93% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 51 W/m·K (29.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 92% of steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 1.9 kg CO₂/kg, better than 92% of steel grades
- Readily welded — 90/100, better than 90% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 255 MPa (37 ksi), worse than 93% of steel grades
A414 properties
Typical room-temperature values for A414-GrC; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
A414 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,485°C (2,705 °F).
Mechanical16
A414 has a yield strength of 255 MPa (37 ksi) and a tensile strength of 425 MPa (61.6 ksi) — weaker than 93% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 28% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
A414 is rated for continuous service to 425°C (797 °F). It conducts heat at 51 W/m·K (29.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 92% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
A414 conducts electricity at 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of A414 takes about 24 MJ of energy and emits 1.9 kg of CO₂ — less than 97% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability8
A414's machinability is good (65/100, better than 93% of steel grades); weldability excellent (90/100); formability excellent (88/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. A414 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with A414
Is A414 easy to machine?
Machines like plain low-carbon steel — gummy and prone to burrs at Grade A/B; use sharp positive-rake tooling, good coolant, and slower feeds on Grades F/G.
Can A414 be welded?
Excellent fusion weldability (SAW/GMAW/GTAW/SMAW) with E70-class consumables; low grades need no preheat, higher-C Grades F/G/H benefit from 100–150 °C preheat and PWHT per ASME VIII if thickness/restraint demand it.
Can A414 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold rolls, brakes and deep-draws readily in Grades A–C; allow larger bend radii (2–3t) and consider warm forming for Grades E–H where n-value drops.
A414 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C0.15 max (Gr A) rising to 0.31 max (Gr F/G); higher for supplier Gr H | ≤ 0.31 | 0.22 |
| Mn0.90 max (Gr A–C), 1.00 (Gr D), 1.20 (Gr E), 1.35 (Gr F/G) | ≤ 1.35 | 0.9 |
| Pheat analysis max | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Sheat analysis max | ≤ 0.04 | 0.01 |
| Siwhen killed/silicon-killed steel is ordered | ≤ 0.35 | 0.2 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on A414?
No corrosion resistance of its own — pickle/blast to SA 2.5 then prime and paint, hot-dip galvanize, phosphate, or apply internal lining for water and process service.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
How much does A414 cost?
A414 is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
A414 — frequently asked
What is A414 used for?
A414 is typically used for small pressure vessels, storage tanks, LPG containers and welded pressure equipment shells. In short: pressure vessel sheet spec; highly weldable carbon steel; thin-wall vessel grade.
What is the yield strength of A414?
A414 has a typical yield strength of 255 MPa (37 ksi) and a tensile strength of 425 MPa (61.6 ksi) — weaker than 93% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 8 listed tempers.
Is A414 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (65/100, better than 93% of steel grades). Machines like plain low-carbon steel — gummy and prone to burrs at Grade A/B; use sharp positive-rake tooling, good coolant, and slower feeds on Grades F/G.
Can A414 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (90/100). Excellent fusion weldability (SAW/GMAW/GTAW/SMAW) with E70-class consumables; low grades need no preheat, higher-C Grades F/G/H benefit from 100–150 °C preheat and PWHT per ASME VIII if thickness/restraint demand it.
What surface finishes work on A414?
No corrosion resistance of its own — pickle/blast to SA 2.5 then prime and paint, hot-dip galvanize, phosphate, or apply internal lining for water and process service.
Can A414 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold rolls, brakes and deep-draws readily in Grades A–C; allow larger bend radii (2–3t) and consider warm forming for Grades E–H where n-value drops.
What is the maximum service temperature of A414?
A414 is rated for continuous use to about 425°C (797 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between A414-GrC and A414-GrH?
GrC is the default condition — most widely stocked A414 grade — good mix of design strength, roll-forming ability and unrestricted weldability. GrH: highest strength class quoted by some mills/distributors above Grade G; confirm against the current ASTM A414 edition before specifying. Yield strength is 255 MPa in GrC versus 375 MPa in GrH.
How much does A414 cost?
A414 is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- ASTM A414/A414M — Steel, Sheet, Carbon, for Pressure Vessels — ASTM International (2021)
- ASME BPVC Section II Part A / Part D (SA-414) — ASME (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.19 — Fatigue and Fracture — ASM International (1996)
- ASTM A370 — Mechanical Testing of Steel Products (hardness conversions) — ASTM International (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.