Copper Alloy C94100-M02
Heat-treated state
UNS C94100
M02 = as centrifugally cast
Medium-volume small bushings where dimensional repeatability matters more than machining allowance.
Values for the M02 condition
Other C94100 tempers and conditions
C94100 is listed in 4 conditions; see the grade overview at C94100.
Compare all 4 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M01Default As sand cast | Standard low-cost condition for bushings, bearing shells and small-lot castings. | 86 | 179 | 13 | 55 HB | 12 % IACS |
As plaster cast | For large-diameter sleeves and thick-wall bearing rings needing dense, dross-free walls. | 96 | 193 | 12 | 58 HB | 12 % IACS |
M02This page As centrifugally cast | Medium-volume small bushings where dimensional repeatability matters more than machining allowance. | 100 | 193 | 11 | 60 HB | 12 % IACS |
As continuous cast | Choose for stock bar/tube bushing blanks: finer structure, higher strength and soundness than sand cast. | 110 | 207 | 10 | 62 HB | 12 % IACS |
What is C94100-M02?
C94100-M02 is C94100 heat treated to M02 — medium-volume small bushings where dimensional repeatability matters more than machining allowance. C94100-M02 has a yield strength of 100 MPa (14.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 193 MPa (28 ksi) — weaker than 87% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 11% and the elastic modulus is 76 GPa (11 Msi). C94100-M02 has a density of 9.29 g/cm³ (0.336 lb/in³), heavier than 99% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 762°C (1,404 °F). M01 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; M02 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 85/100, better than 93% of copper alloy grades
Limitations
- Low stiffness — 76 GPa (11 Msi), worse than 98% of copper alloy grades
- Difficult to weld — 10/100, worse than 98% of copper alloy grades
- Limited formability — 5/100, worse than 98% of copper alloy grades
- Hard to polish — 55/100, worse than 97% of copper alloy grades
- Low strength — 100 MPa (14.5 ksi), worse than 87% of copper alloy grades
C94100-M02 properties
Typical room-temperature values for C94100-M02; 20 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are C94100 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among copper alloy grades.
Physical3
C94100-M02 has a density of 9.29 g/cm³ (0.336 lb/in³), heavier than 99% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 762°C (1,404 °F).
Mechanical14
C94100-M02 has a yield strength of 100 MPa (14.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 193 MPa (28 ksi) — weaker than 87% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 11% and the elastic modulus is 76 GPa (11 Msi).
Thermal6
C94100-M02 is rated for continuous service to 250°C (482 °F). It conducts heat at 59 W/m·K (34.1 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 61% of copper alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 18.5 µm/m·K (10.3 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
C94100-M02 conducts electricity at 12 % IACS, worse than 62% of copper alloy grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (56/100), worse than 81% of copper alloy grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of C94100-M02 takes about 55 MJ of energy and emits 3.6 kg of CO₂ — less than 72% of copper alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 65%.
Manufacturability8
C94100-M02's machinability is excellent (85/100, better than 93% of copper alloy grades); weldability not recommended (10/100); formability not recommended (5/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with C94100-M02
Is C94100 easy to machine?
Very free-machining: use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed, light feeds and plenty of coolant; lead gives short chips but can smear on fine bores — finish-bore or diamond-burnish for bearing clearance.
Can C94100 be welded?
Fusion welding is not recommended — lead causes hot cracking and porosity; repair by soft soldering or mechanical fastening, and never gas-weld in enclosed areas due to lead fume.
Can C94100 be formed, bent or molded?
Cast-only alloy with wide freezing range: gate and feed generously, chill thick sections and avoid pouring turbulence to limit lead segregation; not cold formable.
What surface finishes work on C94100?
Cannot be anodized; tin, nickel or chrome plating is used where appearance or contact corrosion matters, and polishing is limited by lead smear — vapor-degrease before plating.
C94100 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Sn | 4.5 – 6.5 | 5.5 |
| Pbfree lead phase provides lubricity | 18 – 22 | 20 |
| Zn | ≤ 1 | — |
| Nimax, incl. Co | ≤ 1 | — |
| Sb | ≤ 0.8 | — |
| Fe | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| S | ≤ 0.08 | — |
| Pmax (higher P allowed in some continuous-cast practice) | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Al | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Si | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Cubalance, copper + named elements ≥ 99.5 | ≥ 72 (balance) | — |
C94100-M02 — frequently asked
What is C94100-M02 used for?
C94100-M02 is typically used for journal bearings, bushings and machine tool slides. In short: high-lead bearing bronze; very free-machining casting alloy; not fusion weldable.
What is the yield strength of C94100-M02?
C94100-M02 has a typical yield strength of 100 MPa (14.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 193 MPa (28 ksi) — weaker than 87% of copper alloy grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 4 listed tempers.
Is C94100-M02 easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated excellent (85/100, better than 93% of copper alloy grades). Very free-machining: use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed, light feeds and plenty of coolant; lead gives short chips but can smear on fine bores — finish-bore or diamond-burnish for bearing clearance.
Can C94100-M02 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated not recommended (10/100). Fusion welding is not recommended — lead causes hot cracking and porosity; repair by soft soldering or mechanical fastening, and never gas-weld in enclosed areas due to lead fume.
What surface finishes work on C94100-M02?
Cannot be anodized; tin, nickel or chrome plating is used where appearance or contact corrosion matters, and polishing is limited by lead smear — vapor-degrease before plating.
Can C94100-M02 be formed, bent or molded?
Cast-only alloy with wide freezing range: gate and feed generously, chill thick sections and avoid pouring turbulence to limit lead segregation; not cold formable.
What is the maximum service temperature of C94100-M02?
C94100-M02 is rated for continuous use to about 250°C (482 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between C94100-M01 and C94100-M07?
M01 is the default condition — standard low-cost condition for bushings, bearing shells and small-lot castings. M07: choose for stock bar/tube bushing blanks: finer structure, higher strength and soundness than sand cast. Yield strength is 86 MPa in M01 versus 110 MPa in M07.
Sources
- ASTM B505/B505M — Continuous Cast Copper Alloy Castings — ASTM International (2018)
- ASTM B271 — Copper-Base Alloy Centrifugal Castings — ASTM International (2020)
- CDA Alloy Database — C94100 High-Leaded Tin Bronze — Copper Development Association (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties of Nonferrous Alloys (Cast Copper Alloys, Bearing Bronzes) — ASM International (1990)
- GB/T 1176 (ZCuPb20Sn5 ) (2013)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.