Steel A414-GrD
Grade
ASTM A414
GrD = grade D
Step up in Mn for higher allowable stress while still cold-forming acceptably.
Values for the GrD condition
Other A414 tempers and conditions
A414 is listed in 8 conditions; see the grade overview at A414.
Compare all 8 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grade A | Lowest-carbon, most formable grade — pick for deep-drawn or tightly rolled thin vessel shells where strength is not the driver. | 205 | 360 | 30 | 105 HB | 52 W/m·K |
Grade B | Common general-purpose grade balancing formability and a modest strength gain over Grade A. | 230 | 390 | 29 | 115 HB | 51 W/m·K |
GrCDefault Grade C | Most widely stocked A414 grade — good mix of design strength, roll-forming ability and unrestricted weldability. | 255 | 425 | 28 | 125 HB | 51 W/m·K |
GrDThis page Grade D | Step up in Mn for higher allowable stress while still cold-forming acceptably. | 275 | 460 | 26 | 135 HB | 50 W/m·K |
Grade E | Higher-Mn grade for thinner vessel walls at the same design pressure. | 295 | 485 | 24 | 143 HB | 50 W/m·K |
Grade F | High-strength end of the range; use where weight or wall thickness matters more than easy forming. | 320 | 515 | 22 | 152 HB | 49 W/m·K |
Grade G | Highest standard A414 strength level; expect reduced ductility and preheat/PWHT attention when welding. | 345 | 550 | 21 | 163 HB | 49 W/m·K |
Grade H | Highest strength class quoted by some mills/distributors above Grade G; confirm against the current ASTM A414 edition before specifying. | 375 | 585 | 19 | 172 HB | 48 W/m·K |
What is A414-GrD?
A414-GrD is A414 in the GrD grade — step up in Mn for higher allowable stress while still cold-forming acceptably. A414-GrD has a yield strength of 275 MPa (39.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 460 MPa (66.7 ksi) — weaker than 91% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 26% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). A414-GrD has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F). GrC is the default condition FabDigit quotes; GrD is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Forms and bends easily — 85/100, better than 96% of steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 1.9 kg CO₂/kg, better than 92% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades
- Easy to machine — 62/100, better than 89% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 50 W/m·K (28.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 275 MPa (39.9 ksi), worse than 91% of steel grades
A414-GrD properties
Typical room-temperature values for A414-GrD; 28 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are A414 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
A414-GrD has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Mechanical16
A414-GrD has a yield strength of 275 MPa (39.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 460 MPa (66.7 ksi) — weaker than 91% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 26% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
A414-GrD is rated for continuous service to 425°C (797 °F). It conducts heat at 50 W/m·K (28.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
A414-GrD conducts electricity at 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of A414-GrD takes about 24 MJ of energy and emits 1.9 kg of CO₂ — less than 97% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability8
A414-GrD's machinability is good (62/100, better than 89% of steel grades); weldability excellent (88/100); formability excellent (85/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with A414-GrD
Is A414 easy to machine?
Machines like plain low-carbon steel — gummy and prone to burrs at Grade A/B; use sharp positive-rake tooling, good coolant, and slower feeds on Grades F/G.
Can A414 be welded?
Excellent fusion weldability (SAW/GMAW/GTAW/SMAW) with E70-class consumables; low grades need no preheat, higher-C Grades F/G/H benefit from 100–150 °C preheat and PWHT per ASME VIII if thickness/restraint demand it.
Can A414 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold rolls, brakes and deep-draws readily in Grades A–C; allow larger bend radii (2–3t) and consider warm forming for Grades E–H where n-value drops.
What surface finishes work on A414?
No corrosion resistance of its own — pickle/blast to SA 2.5 then prime and paint, hot-dip galvanize, phosphate, or apply internal lining for water and process service.
A414 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C0.15 max (Gr A) rising to 0.31 max (Gr F/G); higher for supplier Gr H | ≤ 0.31 | 0.22 |
| Mn0.90 max (Gr A–C), 1.00 (Gr D), 1.20 (Gr E), 1.35 (Gr F/G) | ≤ 1.35 | 0.9 |
| Pheat analysis max | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Sheat analysis max | ≤ 0.04 | 0.01 |
| Siwhen killed/silicon-killed steel is ordered | ≤ 0.35 | 0.2 |
| Fe | balance | — |
A414-GrD — frequently asked
What is A414-GrD used for?
A414-GrD is typically used for small pressure vessels, storage tanks, LPG containers and welded pressure equipment shells. In short: pressure vessel sheet spec; highly weldable carbon steel; thin-wall vessel grade.
What is the yield strength of A414-GrD?
A414-GrD has a typical yield strength of 275 MPa (39.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 460 MPa (66.7 ksi) — weaker than 91% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 8 listed tempers.
Is A414-GrD easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (62/100, better than 89% of steel grades). Machines like plain low-carbon steel — gummy and prone to burrs at Grade A/B; use sharp positive-rake tooling, good coolant, and slower feeds on Grades F/G.
Can A414-GrD be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (88/100). Excellent fusion weldability (SAW/GMAW/GTAW/SMAW) with E70-class consumables; low grades need no preheat, higher-C Grades F/G/H benefit from 100–150 °C preheat and PWHT per ASME VIII if thickness/restraint demand it.
What surface finishes work on A414-GrD?
No corrosion resistance of its own — pickle/blast to SA 2.5 then prime and paint, hot-dip galvanize, phosphate, or apply internal lining for water and process service.
Can A414-GrD be formed, bent or molded?
Cold rolls, brakes and deep-draws readily in Grades A–C; allow larger bend radii (2–3t) and consider warm forming for Grades E–H where n-value drops.
What is the maximum service temperature of A414-GrD?
A414-GrD is rated for continuous use to about 425°C (797 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between A414-GrC and A414-GrH?
GrC is the default condition — most widely stocked A414 grade — good mix of design strength, roll-forming ability and unrestricted weldability. GrH: highest strength class quoted by some mills/distributors above Grade G; confirm against the current ASTM A414 edition before specifying. Yield strength is 255 MPa in GrC versus 375 MPa in GrH.
Sources
- ASTM A414/A414M — Steel, Sheet, Carbon, for Pressure Vessels — ASTM International (2021)
- ASME BPVC Section II Part A / Part D (SA-414) — ASME (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.19 — Fatigue and Fracture — ASM International (1996)
- ASTM A370 — Mechanical Testing of Steel Products (hardness conversions) — ASTM International (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.