Stainless Steel 410HT
AISI/SAE 410HT
410HT is a 12 % Cr martensitic stainless steel of Type 410 chemistry held to the upper carbon range (with a small nickel/molybdenum allowance in some mill practices) and supplied quenched and high-temperature tempered so that it retains useful strength and oxidation resistance in steam and hot-gas service to roughly 600–650 °C.
Values for the Annealed condition
410HT tempers and conditions
410HT is supplied in 6 conditions, soft to hard. Annealed is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefault full/subcritical anneal, softest supply condition | Pick for machining, forming or as stock to be hardened later; lowest strength, best ductility. | 300 | 490 | 25 | 155 HB | — |
Normalized and tempered | Pick for large sections and forgings needing uniform moderate strength with good toughness and dimensional stability for hot service. | 415 | 620 | 22 | 185 HB | — |
Cold drawn | Pick for close-tolerance shafting and screw-machine bar where extra strength and better surface finish are wanted without heat treatment. | 550 | 690 | 15 | 200 HB | — |
Oil/air quenched, tempered ~650–700 °C | The classic 410HT elevated-temperature condition: pick for steam valve stems, turbine blading and hot bolting where creep/oxidation service to ~650 °C and good toughness matter more than hardness. | 585 | 760 | 20 | 24 HRC | — |
Quenched and tempered ~590–650 °C | Pick for pump/valve shafting, fasteners and general machinery parts needing higher strength with still-acceptable toughness at moderate temperature. | 760 | 930 | 16 | 29 HRC | — |
Hardened and low-temperature tempered | Pick for wear surfaces, valve seats, cutlery-type and high-strength trim parts; toughness and hot strength are sacrificed, so keep service below ~400 °C. | 1,035 | 1,310 | 12 | 40 HRC | — |
What is 410HT?
410HT is a 12 % Cr martensitic stainless steel of Type 410 chemistry held to the upper carbon range (with a small nickel/molybdenum allowance in some mill practices) and supplied quenched and high-temperature tempered so that it retains useful strength and oxidation resistance in steam and hot-gas service to roughly 600–650 °C. It is chosen for valve stems and trim, steam-turbine and compressor blading, high-temperature bolting, pump shafts and burner parts where 12 % Cr corrosion resistance plus heat-treatable strength is enough and austenitic grades are too expensive or too weak. Limits are modest corrosion resistance (chloride pitting and stress-corrosion cracking, no resistance to acids), poor low-temperature toughness, temper-embrittlement in the 400–570 °C tempering window, and welding that needs preheat plus post-weld tempering. 410HT has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F). 410HT has a yield strength of 300 MPa (43.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 490 MPa (71.1 ksi) — weaker than 68% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is 410HT used for?
- Steam turbine blades
- Pump shafts
- Valve stems and valve trim
- Compressor blading
- High-temperature bolting
- Burner and furnace components
- Wear rings and bushings
Advantages
- High electrical conductivity — 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Easy to machine — 50/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 40/100, worse than 93% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 40/100, worse than 83% of stainless steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 85 MPa·√m (77.4 ksi·√in), worse than 77% of stainless steel grades
410HT properties
Typical room-temperature values for 410HT-Annealed; bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
410HT has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Mechanical16
410HT has a yield strength of 300 MPa (43.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 490 MPa (71.1 ksi) — weaker than 68% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
410HT is rated for continuous service to 650°C (1,202 °F). It conducts heat at 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 9.9 µm/m·K (5.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
410HT conducts electricity at 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is fair (40/100), worse than 93% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 410HT takes about 53 MJ of energy and emits 4.5 kg of CO₂ — less than 67% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability7
410HT's machinability is fair (50/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades); weldability fair (40/100); formability fair (45/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the stainless steel family
Yield strength against density for every stainless steel grade FabDigit runs. 410HT is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 410HT
Is 410HT easy to machine?
Machine in the annealed or high-tempered condition with rigid setups, positive rake carbide, ~60–90 m/min and heavy flood coolant; it work-hardens and gums less than austenitics but leaves stringy chips — avoid dwelling to prevent glazing.
Can 410HT be welded?
Weldable with matched 410/410NiMo or austenitic 309/E309L filler; preheat 200–300 °C, keep interpass warm and temper at 650–730 °C after welding to restore ductility, otherwise the martensitic HAZ cracks.
Can 410HT be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed condition with generous radii (limited ductility, high springback); hot work at 1150–1200 °C, stop above 900 °C and always cool slowly or anneal to avoid quench cracks.
Manufacturability
The process limits FabDigit applies to 410HT. Every 410HT part is priced by an engineer; design inside these and the quote comes back without a redesign loop.
CNC machining
| Machinability | Fair50 / 100 |
|---|---|
| ISO material group | M.4 |
| Cutting speed (rough / finish) | 140 / 170 m/min |
| Minimum wall | 0.8 mm |
| Minimum internal radius | 1.5 mm |
| Drill depth limit | 4× diameter |
| Best surface (machined / polished) | Ra 1.6 / — |
| Hardenable after machining | No |
Sheet metal
| Formability | Fair45 / 100 |
|---|---|
| Weldability | Poor40 / 100 |
410HT chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C410HT is normally melted/selected to the upper part of the Type 410 carbon range for elevated-temperature strength; some mill practices run 0.15–0.20 % | 0.08 – 0.15 | 0.13 |
| Cr | 11.5 – 13.5 | 12.5 |
| Mn | ≤ 1 | 0.6 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.4 |
| Niresidual/intentional small addition to aid hardenability and toughness | ≤ 0.75 | 0.4 |
| Mooptional in some high-temperature mill practices | ≤ 0.5 | 0.15 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 410HT?
Takes a fine mechanical polish and hard-chrome or nitride coatings well; passivate in nitric acid after machining, and avoid electroplating hardened low-tempered parts without a post-plate bake (hydrogen embrittlement).
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on stainless steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Plating
Organic Coating
CVD Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
How much does 410HT cost?
410HT is a premium-cost stainless steel ($$$), pricier than about 58% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
410HT — frequently asked
What is 410HT used for?
410HT is typically used for steam turbine blades, pump shafts, valve stems and valve trim, compressor blading, high-temperature bolting and burner and furnace components. In short: heat-treatable martensitic plate.
What is the yield strength of 410HT?
410HT has a typical yield strength of 300 MPa (43.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 490 MPa (71.1 ksi) — weaker than 68% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 410HT easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (50/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades). Machine in the annealed or high-tempered condition with rigid setups, positive rake carbide, ~60–90 m/min and heavy flood coolant; it work-hardens and gums less than austenitics but leaves stringy chips — avoid dwelling to prevent glazing.
Can 410HT be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (40/100). Weldable with matched 410/410NiMo or austenitic 309/E309L filler; preheat 200–300 °C, keep interpass warm and temper at 650–730 °C after welding to restore ductility, otherwise the martensitic HAZ cracks.
What surface finishes work on 410HT?
Takes a fine mechanical polish and hard-chrome or nitride coatings well; passivate in nitric acid after machining, and avoid electroplating hardened low-tempered parts without a post-plate bake (hydrogen embrittlement).
Can 410HT be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed condition with generous radii (limited ductility, high springback); hot work at 1150–1200 °C, stop above 900 °C and always cool slowly or anneal to avoid quench cracks.
What is the maximum service temperature of 410HT?
410HT is rated for continuous use to about 650°C (1,202 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 410HT Annealed and 410HT-CD?
Annealed is the default condition — pick for machining, forming or as stock to be hardened later; lowest strength, best ductility. CD: pick for close-tolerance shafting and screw-machine bar where extra strength and better surface finish are wanted without heat treatment. Yield strength is 300 MPa in Annealed versus 550 MPa in CD.
How much does 410HT cost?
410HT is a premium-cost stainless steel ($$$), pricier than about 58% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Can FabDigit make parts in 410HT?
Yes — 410HT is available for CNC machining and sheet metal; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A276/A276M — Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes — ASTM International (2023)
- ASTM A479/A479M — Stainless Steel Bars for Boilers and Pressure Vessels — ASTM International (2021)
- ASTM A565/A565M — Martensitic Stainless Steel Bars for High-Temperature Service — ASTM International (2019)
- GB/T 1220 — SAC (2007)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Specialty Handbook — Stainless Steels — ASM International (1994)
- Type 410 stainless steel product data (physical and heat-treatment data) — AK Steel / Outokumpu (2020)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.