Stainless Steel 414
AISI/SAE 414 · UNS S41400
414 is a nickel-bearing 410-type martensitic stainless (UNS S41400) in which the nickel addition raises hardenability, strength and toughness compared with straight 410.
Reference datasheet — 414 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the A condition
414 tempers and conditions
414 is supplied in 4 conditions, soft to hard. A is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 4 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ADefault Solution annealed | Standard stocked bar/wire condition for machining and forming before hardening. | 620 | 795 | 20 | 22 HRC | — |
Condition T | Balanced strength-toughness condition for pump shafts, bolting and steam/turbine parts needing impact resistance and service to ~550 °C. | 690 | 895 | 20 | 27 HRC | — |
Cold drawn | Pick for straight, close-tolerance shafting and cold-headed parts where moderate extra strength and better surface finish are wanted without heat treating. | 760 | 930 | 13 | 29 HRC | — |
Hardened | Maximum strength and hardness condition for shafts, valve trim, cutlery and wear parts; low toughness and no service above ~400 °C. | 1,035 | 1,345 | 15 | 42 HRC | — |
What is 414?
414 is a nickel-bearing 410-type martensitic stainless (UNS S41400) in which the nickel addition raises hardenability, strength and toughness compared with straight 410. It is used as bar, wire and forgings in annealed, cold-drawn, hardened and tempered conditions; the default tempered values are about 620 MPa yield, 795 MPa tensile, 20 % elongation and 235 HB (22 HRC), with service to 600 °C. Weldability is limited (score 38) and welds need preheat plus an immediate temper, so where welding dominates the design 415/CA6NM is a better fit; plain 410 is cheaper where the extra strength is not needed. 414 has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), heavier than 50% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). 414 has a yield strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 795 MPa (115 ksi) — stronger than 88% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 20% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is 414 used for?
- springs
- fasteners
- structural fittings
Advantages
- High strength — 620 MPa (89.9 ksi), better than 88% of stainless steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 24.5 W/m·K (14.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 85% of stainless steel grades
- Easy to machine — 45/100, better than 84% of stainless steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 3.8 kg CO₂/kg, better than 77% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 42/100, worse than 90% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 38/100, worse than 84% of stainless steel grades
- Limited ductility — 20%, worse than 79% of stainless steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 80 MPa·√m (72.8 ksi·√in), worse than 79% of stainless steel grades
414 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 414-A; bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
414 has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), heavier than 50% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical17
414 has a yield strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 795 MPa (115 ksi) — stronger than 88% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 20% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
414 is rated for continuous service to 600°C (1,112 °F). It conducts heat at 24.5 W/m·K (14.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 85% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 10.4 µm/m·K (5.78 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
414 conducts electricity at 2.5 % IACS, better than 75% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is fair (42/100), worse than 90% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 414 takes about 52 MJ of energy and emits 3.8 kg of CO₂ — less than 76% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability7
414's machinability is fair (45/100, better than 84% of stainless steel grades); weldability fair (38/100); formability fair (45/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the stainless steel family
Yield strength against density for every stainless steel grade FabDigit runs. 414 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 414
Is 414 easy to machine?
Machine in the annealed condition with rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide, heavy feeds and flood coolant; hardened Condition H needs CBN/ceramic or grinding.
Can 414 be welded?
Preheat 200–300 °C, use 410/410NiMo filler or austenitic 309, and temper immediately after welding to restore toughness; avoid welding in the hardened condition.
Can 414 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed state with generous bend radii (≥2t); hot work 1150–900 °C and cool slowly to avoid quench cracking, then anneal.
414 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | ≤ 0.15 | 0.1 |
| Mn | ≤ 1 | 0.6 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.4 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | |
| Cr | 11.5 – 13.5 | 12.5 |
| Niraises hardenability and toughness vs 410 | 1.25 – 2.5 | 1.9 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 414?
Takes a fine mechanical polish; hard chrome or nitriding for wear; always passivate (nitric or citric per ASTM A967) after machining — do not anodize.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on stainless steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Passivation
Organic Coating
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Stainless Steel 414 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- S41400
How much does 414 cost?
414 is a premium-cost stainless steel ($$$), cheaper than about 51% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
414 — frequently asked
What is 414 used for?
414 is typically used for springs, fasteners and structural fittings. In short: higher-strength 410; nickel-toughened martensitic; spring and fastener grade.
What is the yield strength of 414?
414 has a typical yield strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 795 MPa (115 ksi) — stronger than 88% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 4 listed tempers.
Is 414 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (45/100, better than 84% of stainless steel grades). Machine in the annealed condition with rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide, heavy feeds and flood coolant; hardened Condition H needs CBN/ceramic or grinding.
Can 414 be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (38/100). Preheat 200–300 °C, use 410/410NiMo filler or austenitic 309, and temper immediately after welding to restore toughness; avoid welding in the hardened condition.
What surface finishes work on 414?
Takes a fine mechanical polish; hard chrome or nitriding for wear; always passivate (nitric or citric per ASTM A967) after machining — do not anodize.
Can 414 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed state with generous bend radii (≥2t); hot work 1150–900 °C and cool slowly to avoid quench cracking, then anneal.
What is the maximum service temperature of 414?
414 is rated for continuous use to about 600°C (1,112 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 414-A and 414-H?
A is the default condition — standard stocked bar/wire condition for machining and forming before hardening. H: maximum strength and hardness condition for shafts, valve trim, cutlery and wear parts; low toughness and no service above ~400 °C. Yield strength is 620 MPa in A versus 1,035 MPa in H.
How much does 414 cost?
414 is a premium-cost stainless steel ($$$), cheaper than about 51% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- ASTM A276/A276M Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes — ASTM International (2023)
- ASTM A580/A580M Stainless Steel Wire — ASTM International (2022)
- ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels — ASM International (1994)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Machinery's Handbook (machinability ratings) — Industrial Press (2020)
- ASTM A967 Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts — ASTM International (2017)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.