Stainless Steel 410
AISI/SAE 410 · UNS S41000 · EN 1.4006, X12Cr13 · JIS SUS410 · GB 12Cr13, 1Cr13
410 (UNS S41000, 1.4006) is the basic hardenable martensitic stainless steel, roughly 12 % Cr with low carbon, easily machined and formed in the annealed condition and then quenched and tempered to over 40 HRC.
Values for the Annealed condition
410 tempers and conditions
410 is supplied in 7 conditions, soft to hard. Annealed is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefault Condition A (subcritical/full anneal, ASTM A276/A240) | Default stock condition for bar, sheet and plate — softest, most machinable and formable state prior to hardening. | 310 | 517 | 25 | 155 HB | — |
as-rolled plate/bar (not final heat treated) | Economical mill condition for parts that will be machined and then heat treated; properties scattered and surface scaled. | 450 | 700 | 18 | 20 HRC | 3 % IACS |
annealed then cold drawn bar/wire | Pick for close-tolerance, straight bar with higher strength and better surface than hot-rolled annealed, when no hardening follows. | 480 | 620 | 15 | 200 HB | — |
Condition T | Bolting and shaft condition giving ~760 MPa class strength with good ductility and best corrosion resistance of the hardened states. | 640 | 830 | 20 | 24 HRC | — |
oil/air quench from 950–1000 °C, temper 560–650 °C | General-purpose hardened condition (~26–32 HRC) balancing strength, toughness and corrosion resistance for valve parts, shafts and pump components. | 700 | 900 | 18 | 29 HRC | — |
Hardened and low-temperature tempered | Choose for cutlery, wear plates, blades and light bearing surfaces where hardness and edge retention matter more than toughness. | 1,030 | 1,310 | 13 | 42 HRC | — |
hardened, untempered (interim condition) | Interim condition only — maximum hardness but brittle and residual-stressed; must be tempered before service. | 1,150 | 1,450 | 8 | 44 HRC | 2.8 % IACS |
What is 410?
410 (UNS S41000, 1.4006) is the basic hardenable martensitic stainless steel, roughly 12 % Cr with low carbon, easily machined and formed in the annealed condition and then quenched and tempered to over 40 HRC. Engineers use it in bar, sheet and forged form for cutlery, valve parts, pump shafts, fasteners, steam turbine blades and lightly loaded wear parts. Corrosion resistance is far below 304 and it does not tolerate chlorides or acids, welding requires preheat and post-weld tempering, and low-temperature impact toughness is limited. 416 is the free-machining alternative when welding is not required. 410 has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F). 410 has a yield strength of 310 MPa (45 ksi) and a tensile strength of 517 MPa (75 ksi) — weaker than 63% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is 410 used for?
- Cutlery
- Steam turbine blades
- Pump shafts
- Valve trim and seats
- Fasteners
- Bushings and light wear parts
- Fan and compressor blades
Advantages
- High electrical conductivity — 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Easy to machine — 55/100, better than 94% of stainless steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 3.4 kg CO₂/kg, better than 91% of stainless steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 80/100, better than 89% of stainless steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 45/100, worse than 85% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 45/100, worse than 79% of stainless steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 90 MPa·√m (81.9 ksi·√in), worse than 75% of stainless steel grades
410 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 410-Annealed; bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
410 has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Mechanical16
410 has a yield strength of 310 MPa (45 ksi) and a tensile strength of 517 MPa (75 ksi) — weaker than 63% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
410 is rated for continuous service to 650°C (1,202 °F). It conducts heat at 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 9.9 µm/m·K (5.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
410 conducts electricity at 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is fair (45/100), worse than 85% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 410 takes about 45 MJ of energy and emits 3.4 kg of CO₂ — less than 91% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability6
410's machinability is good (55/100, better than 94% of stainless steel grades); weldability fair (45/100); formability good (55/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the stainless steel family
Yield strength against density for every stainless steel grade FabDigit runs. 410 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 410
Is 410 easy to machine?
Machine in the annealed or ≤32 HRC tempered state with rigid setups, sharp carbide, moderate speed and heavy flood coolant; above 40 HRC use ceramic/CBN or grind.
Can 410 be welded?
Weldable with 410/410NiMo or austenitic 309 filler but preheat 200–300 °C, keep interpass warm and post-weld temper at 650–760 °C to avoid hard, crack-prone martensite in the HAZ.
Can 410 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed state with generous radii and springback allowance; hot work at 1100–1200 °C and cool slowly, then anneal — never air-cool heavy sections from forging without temper.
Manufacturability
The process limits FabDigit's quote engine applies to 410. Design inside these and the part quotes instantly; outside them it routes to an engineer.
CNC machining
| Machinability | Better55 / 100 |
|---|---|
| ISO material group | M.4 |
| Cutting speed (rough / finish) | 140 / 170 m/min |
| Minimum wall | 0.8 mm |
| Minimum internal radius | 1.5 mm |
| Drill depth limit | 4× diameter |
| Best surface (machined / polished) | Ra 1.6 / 0.8 µm |
| Hardenable after machining | Yes |
Sheet metal
| Formability | Better55 / 100 |
|---|---|
| Weldability | Fair45 / 100 |
410 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C0.08–0.15 in EN 1.4006 (X12Cr13) | ≤ 0.15 | 0.12 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.4 |
| Mn | ≤ 1 | 0.6 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | 0.03 |
| SEN 1.4006: S ≤ 0.015 | ≤ 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Cr | 11.5 – 13.5 | 12.5 |
| Niresidual; EN allows ≤ 0.75 | ≤ 0.75 | 0.3 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 410?
Takes a bright mirror polish (best after hardening); passivate in nitric acid after machining, and hard chrome, nitride or PVD coat for extra wear resistance — corrosion resistance suffers on scaled or as-welded surfaces.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on stainless steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Plating
Organic Coating
CVD Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Stainless Steel 410 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- S41000
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- 1.4006X12Cr13
- GB (China)
- 12Cr131Cr13
- JIS
- SUS410
How much does 410 cost?
410 is a premium-cost stainless steel ($$$), cheaper than about 62% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
410 — frequently asked
What is 410 used for?
410 is typically used for cutlery, steam turbine blades, pump shafts, valve trim and seats, fasteners and bushings and light wear parts. In short: hardening general purpose.
What is the yield strength of 410?
410 has a typical yield strength of 310 MPa (45 ksi) and a tensile strength of 517 MPa (75 ksi) — weaker than 63% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is 410 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (55/100, better than 94% of stainless steel grades). Machine in the annealed or ≤32 HRC tempered state with rigid setups, sharp carbide, moderate speed and heavy flood coolant; above 40 HRC use ceramic/CBN or grind.
Can 410 be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (45/100). Weldable with 410/410NiMo or austenitic 309 filler but preheat 200–300 °C, keep interpass warm and post-weld temper at 650–760 °C to avoid hard, crack-prone martensite in the HAZ.
What surface finishes work on 410?
Takes a bright mirror polish (best after hardening); passivate in nitric acid after machining, and hard chrome, nitride or PVD coat for extra wear resistance — corrosion resistance suffers on scaled or as-welded surfaces.
Can 410 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed state with generous radii and springback allowance; hot work at 1100–1200 °C and cool slowly, then anneal — never air-cool heavy sections from forging without temper.
What is the maximum service temperature of 410?
410 is rated for continuous use to about 650°C (1,202 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
How much does 410 cost?
410 is a premium-cost stainless steel ($$$), cheaper than about 62% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Can FabDigit make parts in 410?
Yes — 410 is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A276/A276M — Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes — ASTM (2017)
- ASTM A240/A240M — Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip — ASTM (2022)
- EN 10088-1/-2/-3 — Stainless steels (1.4006 X12Cr13) — CEN (2014)
- GB/T 1220 / GB/T 3280 — / (12Cr13) — SAC (2015)
- ASTM A193/A193M Grade B6 — Bolting for High-Temperature Service — ASTM (2020)
- ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels — ASM International (1994)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels — ASM International (1990)
- Type 410 stainless steel technical data — Outokumpu / AK Steel / Sandmeyer (2021)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.