Stainless Steel 410HT Annealed
Temper · default condition
AISI/SAE 410HT
Pick for machining, forming or as stock to be hardened later; lowest strength, best ductility.
Values for the Annealed condition
Other 410HT tempers and conditions
410HT is listed in 6 conditions; see the grade overview at 410HT.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefaultThis page full/subcritical anneal, softest supply condition | Pick for machining, forming or as stock to be hardened later; lowest strength, best ductility. | 300 | 490 | 25 | 155 HB | — |
Normalized and tempered | Pick for large sections and forgings needing uniform moderate strength with good toughness and dimensional stability for hot service. | 415 | 620 | 22 | 185 HB | — |
Cold drawn | Pick for close-tolerance shafting and screw-machine bar where extra strength and better surface finish are wanted without heat treatment. | 550 | 690 | 15 | 200 HB | — |
Oil/air quenched, tempered ~650–700 °C | The classic 410HT elevated-temperature condition: pick for steam valve stems, turbine blading and hot bolting where creep/oxidation service to ~650 °C and good toughness matter more than hardness. | 585 | 760 | 20 | 24 HRC | — |
Quenched and tempered ~590–650 °C | Pick for pump/valve shafting, fasteners and general machinery parts needing higher strength with still-acceptable toughness at moderate temperature. | 760 | 930 | 16 | 29 HRC | — |
Hardened and low-temperature tempered | Pick for wear surfaces, valve seats, cutlery-type and high-strength trim parts; toughness and hot strength are sacrificed, so keep service below ~400 °C. | 1,035 | 1,310 | 12 | 40 HRC | — |
What is 410HT Annealed?
410HT Annealed is 410HT in the Annealed temper — pick for machining, forming or as stock to be hardened later; lowest strength, best ductility. 410HT Annealed has a yield strength of 300 MPa (43.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 490 MPa (71.1 ksi) — weaker than 68% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 410HT Annealed has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Advantages
- High electrical conductivity — 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Easy to machine — 50/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 40/100, worse than 93% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 40/100, worse than 83% of stainless steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 85 MPa·√m (77.4 ksi·√in), worse than 77% of stainless steel grades
410HT Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 410HT Annealed; 16 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 410HT reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
410HT Annealed has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Mechanical16
410HT Annealed has a yield strength of 300 MPa (43.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 490 MPa (71.1 ksi) — weaker than 68% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
410HT Annealed is rated for continuous service to 650°C (1,202 °F). It conducts heat at 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 9.9 µm/m·K (5.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
410HT Annealed conducts electricity at 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is fair (40/100), worse than 93% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 410HT Annealed takes about 53 MJ of energy and emits 4.5 kg of CO₂ — less than 67% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability7
410HT Annealed's machinability is fair (50/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades); weldability fair (40/100); formability fair (45/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 410HT Annealed
Is 410HT easy to machine?
Machine in the annealed or high-tempered condition with rigid setups, positive rake carbide, ~60–90 m/min and heavy flood coolant; it work-hardens and gums less than austenitics but leaves stringy chips — avoid dwelling to prevent glazing.
Can 410HT be welded?
Weldable with matched 410/410NiMo or austenitic 309/E309L filler; preheat 200–300 °C, keep interpass warm and temper at 650–730 °C after welding to restore ductility, otherwise the martensitic HAZ cracks.
Can 410HT be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed condition with generous radii (limited ductility, high springback); hot work at 1150–1200 °C, stop above 900 °C and always cool slowly or anneal to avoid quench cracks.
What surface finishes work on 410HT?
Takes a fine mechanical polish and hard-chrome or nitride coatings well; passivate in nitric acid after machining, and avoid electroplating hardened low-tempered parts without a post-plate bake (hydrogen embrittlement).
410HT chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C410HT is normally melted/selected to the upper part of the Type 410 carbon range for elevated-temperature strength; some mill practices run 0.15–0.20 % | 0.08 – 0.15 | 0.13 |
| Cr | 11.5 – 13.5 | 12.5 |
| Mn | ≤ 1 | 0.6 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.4 |
| Niresidual/intentional small addition to aid hardenability and toughness | ≤ 0.75 | 0.4 |
| Mooptional in some high-temperature mill practices | ≤ 0.5 | 0.15 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | |
| Fe | balance |
410HT Annealed — frequently asked
What is 410HT Annealed used for?
410HT Annealed is typically used for steam turbine blades, pump shafts, valve stems and valve trim, compressor blading, high-temperature bolting and burner and furnace components. In short: heat-treatable martensitic plate.
What is the yield strength of 410HT Annealed?
410HT Annealed has a typical yield strength of 300 MPa (43.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 490 MPa (71.1 ksi) — weaker than 68% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 410HT Annealed easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (50/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades). Machine in the annealed or high-tempered condition with rigid setups, positive rake carbide, ~60–90 m/min and heavy flood coolant; it work-hardens and gums less than austenitics but leaves stringy chips — avoid dwelling to prevent glazing.
Can 410HT Annealed be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (40/100). Weldable with matched 410/410NiMo or austenitic 309/E309L filler; preheat 200–300 °C, keep interpass warm and temper at 650–730 °C after welding to restore ductility, otherwise the martensitic HAZ cracks.
What surface finishes work on 410HT Annealed?
Takes a fine mechanical polish and hard-chrome or nitride coatings well; passivate in nitric acid after machining, and avoid electroplating hardened low-tempered parts without a post-plate bake (hydrogen embrittlement).
Can 410HT Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed condition with generous radii (limited ductility, high springback); hot work at 1150–1200 °C, stop above 900 °C and always cool slowly or anneal to avoid quench cracks.
What is the maximum service temperature of 410HT Annealed?
410HT Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 650°C (1,202 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 410HT Annealed and 410HT-CD?
Annealed is the default condition — pick for machining, forming or as stock to be hardened later; lowest strength, best ductility. CD: pick for close-tolerance shafting and screw-machine bar where extra strength and better surface finish are wanted without heat treatment. Yield strength is 300 MPa in Annealed versus 550 MPa in CD.
Can FabDigit make parts in 410HT Annealed?
Yes — 410HT Annealed is available for CNC machining and sheet metal; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A276/A276M — Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes — ASTM International (2023)
- ASTM A479/A479M — Stainless Steel Bars for Boilers and Pressure Vessels — ASTM International (2021)
- ASTM A565/A565M — Martensitic Stainless Steel Bars for High-Temperature Service — ASTM International (2019)
- GB/T 1220 — SAC (2007)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Specialty Handbook — Stainless Steels — ASM International (1994)
- Type 410 stainless steel product data (physical and heat-treatment data) — AK Steel / Outokumpu (2020)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.