Stainless Steel 410 · temper · default condition
Stainless Steel 410 Annealed
Properties of the Annealed condition, compared with the other 410 tempers.
Default stock condition for bar, sheet and plate — softest, most machinable and formable state prior to hardening.
What is 410 Annealed?
410 Annealed is 410 in the Annealed temper — default stock condition for bar, sheet and plate — softest, most machinable and formable state prior to hardening. 410 Annealed has a yield strength of 310 MPa (45 ksi) and a tensile strength of 517 MPa (75 ksi) — weaker than 63% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 410 Annealed has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Advantages
- High electrical conductivity — 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Easy to machine — 55/100, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 3.4 kg CO₂/kg, better than 91% of stainless steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 80/100, better than 89% of stainless steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 88% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 45/100, worse than 85% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 45/100, worse than 79% of stainless steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 90 MPa·√m (81.9 ksi·√in), worse than 78% of stainless steel grades
410 Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 410 Annealed — 16 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every 410 temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the stainless steel grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
410 Annealed has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Mechanical16
410 Annealed has a yield strength of 310 MPa (45 ksi) and a tensile strength of 517 MPa (75 ksi) — weaker than 63% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
410 Annealed is rated for continuous service to 650°C (1,202 °F). It conducts heat at 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 88% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 9.9 µm/m·K (5.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
410 Annealed conducts electricity at 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is fair (45/100), worse than 85% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 410 Annealed takes about 45 MJ of energy and emits 3.4 kg of CO₂ — less than 91% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability6
410 Annealed's machinability is good (55/100, better than 95% of stainless steel grades); weldability fair (45/100); formability good (55/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other 410 tempers and conditions
410 is also supplied in 6 other conditions. The full side-by-side table is on the 410 overview.
- AnnealedDefaultDefault stock condition for bar, sheet and plate — softest, most machinable and formable state prior to hardening.310 MPa yield · 155 HB
- As-QuenchedInterim condition only — maximum hardness but brittle and residual-stressed; must be tempered before service.1,150 MPa yield · 44 HRC
- Q&T 40-45 HRCChoose for cutlery, wear plates, blades and light bearing surfaces where hardness and edge retention matter more than toughness.1,030 MPa yield · 42 HRC
- Hardened & TemperedGeneral-purpose hardened condition (~26–32 HRC) balancing strength, toughness and corrosion resistance for valve parts, shafts and pump components.700 MPa yield · 29 HRC
- Intermediate Tempered (T)Bolting and shaft condition giving ~760 MPa class strength with good ductility and best corrosion resistance of the hardened states.640 MPa yield · 24 HRC
- Cold DrawnPick for close-tolerance, straight bar with higher strength and better surface than hot-rolled annealed, when no hardening follows.480 MPa yield · 200 HB
Working with 410 Annealed
Is 410 easy to machine?
Machine in the annealed or ≤32 HRC tempered state with rigid setups, sharp carbide, moderate speed and heavy flood coolant; above 40 HRC use ceramic/CBN or grind.
Can 410 be welded?
Weldable with 410/410NiMo or austenitic 309 filler but preheat 200–300 °C, keep interpass warm and post-weld temper at 650–760 °C to avoid hard, crack-prone martensite in the HAZ.
Can 410 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed state with generous radii and springback allowance; hot work at 1100–1200 °C and cool slowly, then anneal — never air-cool heavy sections from forging without temper.
What surface finishes work on 410?
Takes a bright mirror polish (best after hardening); passivate in nitric acid after machining, and hard chrome, nitride or PVD coat for extra wear resistance — corrosion resistance suffers on scaled or as-welded surfaces.
410 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C0.08–0.15 in EN 1.4006 (X12Cr13) | ≤ 0.15 | 0.12 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.4 |
| Mn | ≤ 1 | 0.6 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | 0.03 |
| SEN 1.4006: S ≤ 0.015 | ≤ 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Cr | 11.5 – 13.5 | 12.5 |
| Niresidual; EN allows ≤ 0.75 | ≤ 0.75 | 0.3 |
| Fe | balance | — |
410 Annealed — frequently asked
What is 410 Annealed used for?
410 Annealed is typically used for cutlery, steam turbine blades, pump shafts, valve trim and seats, fasteners and bushings and light wear parts. In short: hardening general purpose.
What is the yield strength of 410 Annealed?
410 Annealed has a typical yield strength of 310 MPa (45 ksi) and a tensile strength of 517 MPa (75 ksi) — weaker than 63% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is 410 Annealed easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (55/100, better than 95% of stainless steel grades). Machine in the annealed or ≤32 HRC tempered state with rigid setups, sharp carbide, moderate speed and heavy flood coolant; above 40 HRC use ceramic/CBN or grind.
Can 410 Annealed be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (45/100). Weldable with 410/410NiMo or austenitic 309 filler but preheat 200–300 °C, keep interpass warm and post-weld temper at 650–760 °C to avoid hard, crack-prone martensite in the HAZ.
What surface finishes work on 410 Annealed?
Takes a bright mirror polish (best after hardening); passivate in nitric acid after machining, and hard chrome, nitride or PVD coat for extra wear resistance — corrosion resistance suffers on scaled or as-welded surfaces.
Can 410 Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed state with generous radii and springback allowance; hot work at 1100–1200 °C and cool slowly, then anneal — never air-cool heavy sections from forging without temper.
What is the maximum service temperature of 410 Annealed?
410 Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 650°C (1,202 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Can FabDigit make parts in 410 Annealed?
Yes — 410 Annealed is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A276/A276M — Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes — ASTM (2017)
- ASTM A240/A240M — Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip — ASTM (2022)
- EN 10088-1/-2/-3 — Stainless steels (1.4006 X12Cr13) — CEN (2014)
- GB/T 1220 / GB/T 3280 — / (12Cr13) — SAC (2015)
- ASTM A193/A193M Grade B6 — Bolting for High-Temperature Service — ASTM (2020)
- ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels — ASM International (1994)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels — ASM International (1990)
- Type 410 stainless steel technical data — Outokumpu / AK Steel / Sandmeyer (2021)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.