Stainless Steel 410 Hot Rolled
Finish state
AISI/SAE 410 · UNS S41000 · EN 1.4006, X12Cr13 · JIS SUS410 · GB 12Cr13, 1Cr13
Economical mill condition for parts that will be machined and then heat treated; properties scattered and surface scaled.
Values for the Hot Rolled condition
Other 410 tempers and conditions
410 is listed in 7 conditions; see the grade overview at 410.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefault Condition A (subcritical/full anneal, ASTM A276/A240) | Default stock condition for bar, sheet and plate — softest, most machinable and formable state prior to hardening. | 310 | 517 | 25 | 155 HB | — |
Hot RolledThis page as-rolled plate/bar (not final heat treated) | Economical mill condition for parts that will be machined and then heat treated; properties scattered and surface scaled. | 450 | 700 | 18 | 20 HRC | 3 % IACS |
annealed then cold drawn bar/wire | Pick for close-tolerance, straight bar with higher strength and better surface than hot-rolled annealed, when no hardening follows. | 480 | 620 | 15 | 200 HB | — |
Condition T | Bolting and shaft condition giving ~760 MPa class strength with good ductility and best corrosion resistance of the hardened states. | 640 | 830 | 20 | 24 HRC | — |
oil/air quench from 950–1000 °C, temper 560–650 °C | General-purpose hardened condition (~26–32 HRC) balancing strength, toughness and corrosion resistance for valve parts, shafts and pump components. | 700 | 900 | 18 | 29 HRC | — |
Hardened and low-temperature tempered | Choose for cutlery, wear plates, blades and light bearing surfaces where hardness and edge retention matter more than toughness. | 1,030 | 1,310 | 13 | 42 HRC | — |
hardened, untempered (interim condition) | Interim condition only — maximum hardness but brittle and residual-stressed; must be tempered before service. | 1,150 | 1,450 | 8 | 44 HRC | 2.8 % IACS |
What is 410 Hot Rolled?
410 Hot Rolled is 410 supplied in the Hot Rolled condition — economical mill condition for parts that will be machined and then heat treated; properties scattered and surface scaled. 410 Hot Rolled has a yield strength of 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) — stronger than 70% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 18% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 410 Hot Rolled has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F). Annealed is the default condition FabDigit quotes; Hot Rolled is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High electrical conductivity — 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 3.4 kg CO₂/kg, better than 91% of stainless steel grades
- Easy to machine — 50/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 80/100, better than 89% of stainless steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 40/100, worse than 93% of stainless steel grades
- Limited ductility — 18%, worse than 83% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 40/100, worse than 83% of stainless steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 75 MPa·√m (68.3 ksi·√in), worse than 81% of stainless steel grades
410 Hot Rolled properties
Typical room-temperature values for 410 Hot Rolled; 23 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 410 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
410 Hot Rolled has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Mechanical16
410 Hot Rolled has a yield strength of 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) — stronger than 70% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 18% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
410 Hot Rolled is rated for continuous service to 650°C (1,202 °F). It conducts heat at 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 9.9 µm/m·K (5.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
410 Hot Rolled conducts electricity at 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is fair (40/100), worse than 93% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 410 Hot Rolled takes about 45 MJ of energy and emits 3.4 kg of CO₂ — less than 91% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability6
410 Hot Rolled's machinability is fair (50/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades); weldability fair (40/100); formability poor (30/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 410 Hot Rolled
Is 410 easy to machine?
Machine in the annealed or ≤32 HRC tempered state with rigid setups, sharp carbide, moderate speed and heavy flood coolant; above 40 HRC use ceramic/CBN or grind.
Can 410 be welded?
Weldable with 410/410NiMo or austenitic 309 filler but preheat 200–300 °C, keep interpass warm and post-weld temper at 650–760 °C to avoid hard, crack-prone martensite in the HAZ.
Can 410 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed state with generous radii and springback allowance; hot work at 1100–1200 °C and cool slowly, then anneal — never air-cool heavy sections from forging without temper.
What surface finishes work on 410?
Takes a bright mirror polish (best after hardening); passivate in nitric acid after machining, and hard chrome, nitride or PVD coat for extra wear resistance — corrosion resistance suffers on scaled or as-welded surfaces.
410 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C0.08–0.15 in EN 1.4006 (X12Cr13) | ≤ 0.15 | 0.12 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.4 |
| Mn | ≤ 1 | 0.6 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | 0.03 |
| SEN 1.4006: S ≤ 0.015 | ≤ 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Cr | 11.5 – 13.5 | 12.5 |
| Niresidual; EN allows ≤ 0.75 | ≤ 0.75 | 0.3 |
| Fe | balance | — |
410 Hot Rolled — frequently asked
What is 410 Hot Rolled used for?
410 Hot Rolled is typically used for cutlery, steam turbine blades, pump shafts, valve trim and seats, fasteners and bushings and light wear parts. In short: hardening general purpose.
What is the yield strength of 410 Hot Rolled?
410 Hot Rolled has a typical yield strength of 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) — stronger than 70% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is 410 Hot Rolled easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (50/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades). Machine in the annealed or ≤32 HRC tempered state with rigid setups, sharp carbide, moderate speed and heavy flood coolant; above 40 HRC use ceramic/CBN or grind.
Can 410 Hot Rolled be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (40/100). Weldable with 410/410NiMo or austenitic 309 filler but preheat 200–300 °C, keep interpass warm and post-weld temper at 650–760 °C to avoid hard, crack-prone martensite in the HAZ.
What surface finishes work on 410 Hot Rolled?
Takes a bright mirror polish (best after hardening); passivate in nitric acid after machining, and hard chrome, nitride or PVD coat for extra wear resistance — corrosion resistance suffers on scaled or as-welded surfaces.
Can 410 Hot Rolled be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed state with generous radii and springback allowance; hot work at 1100–1200 °C and cool slowly, then anneal — never air-cool heavy sections from forging without temper.
What is the maximum service temperature of 410 Hot Rolled?
410 Hot Rolled is rated for continuous use to about 650°C (1,202 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Can FabDigit make parts in 410 Hot Rolled?
Yes — 410 Hot Rolled is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A276/A276M — Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes — ASTM (2017)
- ASTM A240/A240M — Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip — ASTM (2022)
- EN 10088-1/-2/-3 — Stainless steels (1.4006 X12Cr13) — CEN (2014)
- GB/T 1220 / GB/T 3280 — / (12Cr13) — SAC (2015)
- ASTM A193/A193M Grade B6 — Bolting for High-Temperature Service — ASTM (2020)
- ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels — ASM International (1994)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels — ASM International (1990)
- Type 410 stainless steel technical data — Outokumpu / AK Steel / Sandmeyer (2021)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.