Copper Alloy C94500-M05
Finish state
UNS C94500
M05 = as plaster cast
Permanent-mold castings for repeat small parts needing better surface and dimensional consistency than sand casting.
Values for the M05 condition
Other C94500 tempers and conditions
C94500 is listed in 4 conditions; see the grade overview at C94500.
Compare all 4 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M01Default As sand cast | Standard stocked condition for bushings, bearing shells and general castings per ASTM B584/B505. | 83 | 172 | 12 | 50 HB | 10 % IACS |
As continuous cast | Continuous-cast bar/tube stock (ASTM B505) — denser, finer structure and slightly higher strength for machined bushings. | 90 | 207 | 10 | 55 HB | 10 % IACS |
As centrifugally cast | Centrifugally cast rings and sleeves — sound, low-porosity walls for larger bearing sizes. | 90 | 190 | 11 | 53 HB | 10 % IACS |
M05This page As plaster cast | Permanent-mold castings for repeat small parts needing better surface and dimensional consistency than sand casting. | 90 | 185 | 10 | 55 HB | 10 % IACS |
What is C94500-M05?
C94500-M05 is C94500 supplied in the M05 condition — permanent-mold castings for repeat small parts needing better surface and dimensional consistency than sand casting. C94500-M05 has a yield strength of 90 MPa (13.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 185 MPa (26.8 ksi) — weaker than 88% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 10% and the elastic modulus is 76 GPa (11 Msi). C94500-M05 has a density of 8.94 g/cm³ (0.323 lb/in³), heavier than 90% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 762°C (1,404 °F). M01 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; M05 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Low embodied carbon — 3 kg CO₂/kg, better than 97% of copper alloy grades
- Easy to machine — 88/100, better than 96% of copper alloy grades
Limitations
- Low stiffness — 76 GPa (11 Msi), worse than 98% of copper alloy grades
- Hard to polish — 55/100, worse than 97% of copper alloy grades
- Difficult to weld — 15/100, worse than 94% of copper alloy grades
- Limited formability — 8/100, worse than 94% of copper alloy grades
- Low strength — 90 MPa (13.1 ksi), worse than 88% of copper alloy grades
C94500-M05 properties
Typical room-temperature values for C94500-M05; 20 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are C94500 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among copper alloy grades.
Physical3
C94500-M05 has a density of 8.94 g/cm³ (0.323 lb/in³), heavier than 90% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 762°C (1,404 °F).
Mechanical14
C94500-M05 has a yield strength of 90 MPa (13.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 185 MPa (26.8 ksi) — weaker than 88% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 10% and the elastic modulus is 76 GPa (11 Msi).
Thermal6
C94500-M05 is rated for continuous service to 230°C (446 °F). It conducts heat at 46.9 W/m·K (27.1 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 72% of copper alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 18.5 µm/m·K (10.3 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
C94500-M05 conducts electricity at 10 % IACS, worse than 74% of copper alloy grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (56/100), worse than 81% of copper alloy grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of C94500-M05 takes about 45 MJ of energy and emits 3 kg of CO₂ — less than 97% of copper alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 75%.
Manufacturability8
C94500-M05's machinability is excellent (88/100, better than 96% of copper alloy grades); weldability poor (15/100); formability not recommended (8/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with C94500-M05
Is C94500 easy to machine?
Excellent free-machining behaviour (≈80 % of free-cutting brass); use sharp positive-rake tools, light feeds and generous coolant to avoid lead smearing on bearing bores.
Can C94500 be welded?
Not recommended for arc or gas welding due to 16–22 % Pb; repair by soft soldering or mechanical joining, and preheat/degas carefully if brazing must be attempted.
Can C94500 be formed, bent or molded?
Cast-only alloy — no cold or hot working; pour at ~1120–1180 °C with good venting and directional solidification to limit lead sweat and gravity segregation.
What surface finishes work on C94500?
Machined or honed bores are the normal finish; tin or nickel plating is possible after careful degreasing, but bright polishing is limited by the soft lead phase.
C94500 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Sn | 6 – 8 | 7 |
| Pb | 16 – 22 | 19 |
| Zn | ≤ 1.2 | — |
| Niincluding Co | ≤ 1 | — |
| Fe | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Sb | ≤ 0.5 | — |
| S | ≤ 0.08 | — |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Al | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Si | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Curemainder, 73 % min | ≥ 73 (balance) | — |
C94500-M05 — frequently asked
What is C94500-M05 used for?
C94500-M05 is typically used for gears, bushings and valve components. In short: high-lead wear bronze; machines like free-cutting brass; moderate strength, no welding.
What is the yield strength of C94500-M05?
C94500-M05 has a typical yield strength of 90 MPa (13.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 185 MPa (26.8 ksi) — weaker than 88% of copper alloy grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 4 listed tempers.
Is C94500-M05 easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated excellent (88/100, better than 96% of copper alloy grades). Excellent free-machining behaviour (≈80 % of free-cutting brass); use sharp positive-rake tools, light feeds and generous coolant to avoid lead smearing on bearing bores.
Can C94500-M05 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (15/100). Not recommended for arc or gas welding due to 16–22 % Pb; repair by soft soldering or mechanical joining, and preheat/degas carefully if brazing must be attempted.
What surface finishes work on C94500-M05?
Machined or honed bores are the normal finish; tin or nickel plating is possible after careful degreasing, but bright polishing is limited by the soft lead phase.
Can C94500-M05 be formed, bent or molded?
Cast-only alloy — no cold or hot working; pour at ~1120–1180 °C with good venting and directional solidification to limit lead sweat and gravity segregation.
What is the maximum service temperature of C94500-M05?
C94500-M05 is rated for continuous use to about 230°C (446 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between C94500-M01 and C94500-M07?
M01 is the default condition — standard stocked condition for bushings, bearing shells and general castings per ASTM B584/B505. M07: continuous-cast bar/tube stock (ASTM B505) — denser, finer structure and slightly higher strength for machined bushings. Yield strength is 83 MPa in M01 versus 90 MPa in M07.
Sources
- ASTM B505/B505M — Continuous Cast Copper Alloy Rod, Bar, Tube — ASTM (2018)
- ASTM B584 — Copper Alloy Sand Castings for General Applications — ASTM (2022)
- ASTM B271 — Copper-Base Alloy Centrifugal Castings — ASTM (2020)
- CDA Alloy Datasheet C94500 (high-leaded tin bronze) — Copper Development Association (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties of Nonferrous Alloys (cast bronzes) — ASM International (1990)
- GB/T 1176 ( ZCuPb20Sn5) — SAC (2013)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.