Copper Alloy C94300-M02
Heat-treated state
UNS C94300
M02 = as centrifugally cast
Pick for large-diameter sleeve bearings and bushing blanks needing dense, sound walls.
Values for the M02 condition
Other C94300 tempers and conditions
C94300 is listed in 4 conditions; see the grade overview at C94300.
Compare all 4 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
As sand cast | Pick for one-off or complex-geometry bearing housings and thrust washers per ASTM B584. | 90 | 186 | 15 | 48 HB | 9 % IACS |
M02This page As centrifugally cast | Pick for large-diameter sleeve bearings and bushing blanks needing dense, sound walls. | 100 | 200 | 12 | 52 HB | 9 % IACS |
As plaster cast | Pick for repeat-run small bushings where a chill mold gives finer structure and better as-cast dimensions. | 100 | 195 | 12 | 52 HB | 9 % IACS |
M07Default As continuous cast | Default stocked form: continuous-cast solid bar and cored tube per ASTM B505, machined directly into bushings. | 105 | 205 | 12 | 55 HB | 9 % IACS |
What is C94300-M02?
C94300-M02 is C94300 heat treated to M02 — pick for large-diameter sleeve bearings and bushing blanks needing dense, sound walls. C94300-M02 has a yield strength of 100 MPa (14.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 200 MPa (29 ksi) — weaker than 87% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 72 GPa (10.4 Msi). C94300-M02 has a density of 9.29 g/cm³ (0.336 lb/in³), heavier than 99% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 762°C (1,404 °F). M07 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; M02 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Low embodied carbon — 3 kg CO₂/kg, better than 97% of copper alloy grades
- Easy to machine — 88/100, better than 96% of copper alloy grades
Limitations
- Low stiffness — 72 GPa (10.4 Msi), worse than 100% of copper alloy grades
- Difficult to weld — 8/100, worse than 100% of copper alloy grades
- Limited formability — 5/100, worse than 98% of copper alloy grades
- Hard to polish — 55/100, worse than 97% of copper alloy grades
- Low strength — 100 MPa (14.5 ksi), worse than 87% of copper alloy grades
C94300-M02 properties
Typical room-temperature values for C94300-M02; 18 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are C94300 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among copper alloy grades.
Physical3
C94300-M02 has a density of 9.29 g/cm³ (0.336 lb/in³), heavier than 99% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 762°C (1,404 °F).
Mechanical12
C94300-M02 has a yield strength of 100 MPa (14.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 200 MPa (29 ksi) — weaker than 87% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 72 GPa (10.4 Msi).
Thermal5
C94300-M02 is rated for continuous service to 230°C (446 °F). It conducts heat at 46.7 W/m·K (27 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 72% of copper alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 18.5 µm/m·K (10.3 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
C94300-M02 conducts electricity at 9 % IACS, worse than 78% of copper alloy grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (58/100), worse than 76% of copper alloy grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of C94300-M02 takes about 45 MJ of energy and emits 3 kg of CO₂ — less than 97% of copper alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 70%.
Manufacturability8
C94300-M02's machinability is excellent (88/100, better than 96% of copper alloy grades); weldability not recommended (8/100); formability not recommended (5/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with C94300-M02
Is C94300 easy to machine?
Extremely free-cutting — use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed, light feeds and plenty of coolant; chips break short but the soft lead phase can smear and load fine finishing tools.
Can C94300 be welded?
Effectively unweldable due to 30% lead — repair by mechanical means or replacement; soft-soldering is acceptable, brazing/fusion welding is not.
Can C94300 be formed, bent or molded?
Casting-only alloy with no cold formability; sand, centrifugal, permanent-mold and continuous casting all work well, but gate for low pouring temperature to limit lead segregation and use adequate risers.
What surface finishes work on C94300?
Takes tin, silver or nickel plating for corrosion barrier; polishing gives only a moderate luster because of lead smearing, and bearing bores are normally finished by boring, reaming or burnishing rather than grinding.
C94300 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CuASTM B584/B505 range | 67 – 72 | 70 |
| Sn | 4.5 – 6 | 5 |
| Pbfree lead phase provides self-lubrication | 29 – 32 | 30 |
| Zn | ≤ 0.8 | — |
| Niincl. Co | ≤ 1 | — |
| Sb | ≤ 0.8 | — |
| Fe | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| S | ≤ 0.08 | — |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Al | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Si | ≤ 0.01 | — |
C94300-M02 — frequently asked
What is C94300-M02 used for?
C94300-M02 is typically used for heavy-duty bushings, slow-speed bearings and machine bases. In short: highest-lead bearing bronze; self-lubricating at low speed; lowest strength of the family.
What is the yield strength of C94300-M02?
C94300-M02 has a typical yield strength of 100 MPa (14.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 200 MPa (29 ksi) — weaker than 87% of copper alloy grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 4 listed tempers.
Is C94300-M02 easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated excellent (88/100, better than 96% of copper alloy grades). Extremely free-cutting — use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed, light feeds and plenty of coolant; chips break short but the soft lead phase can smear and load fine finishing tools.
Can C94300-M02 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated not recommended (8/100). Effectively unweldable due to 30% lead — repair by mechanical means or replacement; soft-soldering is acceptable, brazing/fusion welding is not.
What surface finishes work on C94300-M02?
Takes tin, silver or nickel plating for corrosion barrier; polishing gives only a moderate luster because of lead smearing, and bearing bores are normally finished by boring, reaming or burnishing rather than grinding.
Can C94300-M02 be formed, bent or molded?
Casting-only alloy with no cold formability; sand, centrifugal, permanent-mold and continuous casting all work well, but gate for low pouring temperature to limit lead segregation and use adequate risers.
What is the maximum service temperature of C94300-M02?
C94300-M02 is rated for continuous use to about 230°C (446 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between C94300-M07 and C94300-M01?
M07 is the default condition — default stocked form: continuous-cast solid bar and cored tube per ASTM B505, machined directly into bushings. M01: pick for one-off or complex-geometry bearing housings and thrust washers per ASTM B584. Yield strength is 105 MPa in M07 versus 90 MPa in M01.
Sources
- ASTM B584 — Copper Alloy Sand Castings for General Applications — ASTM International (2022)
- ASTM B505/B505M — Copper Alloy Continuous Castings — ASTM International (2018)
- ASTM B271 — Copper-Base Alloy Centrifugal Castings — ASTM International (2020)
- CDA Alloy Database — C94300 High-Leaded Tin Bronze — Copper Development Association (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 18 — Friction, Lubrication and Wear Technology — ASM International (1992)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.