Copper Alloy C92700 F-SAND
Finish state · default condition
UNS C92700
Standard as-cast sand-mould condition for bushings, bearing shells and worm gear blanks per ASTM B584.
Values for the F-SAND condition
Other C92700 tempers and conditions
C92700 is listed in 2 conditions; see the grade overview at C92700.
- F-SAND
- CENT
Compare all 2 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F-SANDDefaultThis page F | Standard as-cast sand-mould condition for bushings, bearing shells and worm gear blanks per ASTM B584. | 138 | 290 | 10 | 77 HB | 11 % IACS |
Centrifugally cast | Use for large-diameter rings, sleeves and gear rims where a dense, inclusion-free wall is required. | 145 | 296 | 11 | 80 HB | 11 % IACS |
What is C92700 F-SAND?
C92700 F-SAND is C92700 supplied in the F-SAND condition — standard as-cast sand-mould condition for bushings, bearing shells and worm gear blanks per ASTM B584. C92700 F-SAND has a yield strength of 138 MPa (20 ksi) and a tensile strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) — weaker than 76% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 10% and the elastic modulus is 103 GPa (14.9 Msi). C92700 F-SAND has a density of 8.8 g/cm³ (0.318 lb/in³), heavier than 58% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 830°C (1,526 °F).
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 80/100, better than 86% of copper alloy grades
Limitations
- Limited formability — 10/100, worse than 89% of copper alloy grades
- Difficult to weld — 20/100, worse than 88% of copper alloy grades
- Hard to polish — 65/100, worse than 87% of copper alloy grades
- High embodied carbon — 4.6 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 82% of copper alloy grades
- Low strength — 138 MPa (20 ksi), worse than 76% of copper alloy grades
C92700 F-SAND properties
Typical room-temperature values for C92700 F-SAND; 19 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are C92700 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among copper alloy grades.
Physical3
C92700 F-SAND has a density of 8.8 g/cm³ (0.318 lb/in³), heavier than 58% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 830°C (1,526 °F).
Mechanical13
C92700 F-SAND has a yield strength of 138 MPa (20 ksi) and a tensile strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) — weaker than 76% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 10% and the elastic modulus is 103 GPa (14.9 Msi).
Thermal6
C92700 F-SAND is rated for continuous service to 250°C (482 °F). It conducts heat at 47 W/m·K (27.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 69% of copper alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 18 µm/m·K (10 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
C92700 F-SAND conducts electricity at 11 % IACS, worse than 68% of copper alloy grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (60/100), worse than 68% of copper alloy grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of C92700 F-SAND takes about 71 MJ of energy and emits 4.6 kg of CO₂ — more than 85% of copper alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 75%.
Manufacturability8
C92700 F-SAND's machinability is very good (80/100, better than 86% of copper alloy grades); weldability poor (20/100); formability not recommended (10/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with C92700 F-SAND
Is C92700 easy to machine?
Free-machining thanks to the lead phase (~80% rating); use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed, light feed and generous coolant to avoid smearing the soft matrix.
Can C92700 be welded?
Arc welding is not recommended — lead causes hot cracking and porosity; join by soldering (excellent), brazing (fair) or mechanical fits, and repair defects by braze or metal-spray rather than fusion.
Can C92700 be formed, bent or molded?
Casting alloy only: pour 1100–1180 °C into sand, permanent, centrifugal or continuous moulds, feed heavily and cool directionally to limit tin/lead segregation and microshrinkage.
What surface finishes work on C92700?
Not anodizable; machine-finish or hone bearing bores to 0.4–0.8 µm Ra, and use tin, nickel or chromate/lacquer coatings where tarnishing or lead leaching must be avoided.
C92700 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Sn | 9 – 11 | 10 |
| Pb | 1 – 2.5 | 2 |
| Zn | ≤ 0.7 | — |
| NiNi + Co | ≤ 1 | — |
| Fe | ≤ 0.2 | — |
| Sb | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| P | ≤ 0.3 | — |
| S | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Si | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Al | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Cu | ≥ 86 (balance) | — |
C92700 F-SAND — frequently asked
What is C92700 F-SAND used for?
C92700 F-SAND is typically used for bearings, bushings and sleeves. In short: self-lubricating bearing bronze; free-machining leaded casting; excellent solderability.
What is the yield strength of C92700 F-SAND?
C92700 F-SAND has a typical yield strength of 138 MPa (20 ksi) and a tensile strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) — weaker than 76% of copper alloy grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 2 listed tempers.
Is C92700 F-SAND easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (80/100, better than 86% of copper alloy grades). Free-machining thanks to the lead phase (~80% rating); use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed, light feed and generous coolant to avoid smearing the soft matrix.
Can C92700 F-SAND be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (20/100). Arc welding is not recommended — lead causes hot cracking and porosity; join by soldering (excellent), brazing (fair) or mechanical fits, and repair defects by braze or metal-spray rather than fusion.
What surface finishes work on C92700 F-SAND?
Not anodizable; machine-finish or hone bearing bores to 0.4–0.8 µm Ra, and use tin, nickel or chromate/lacquer coatings where tarnishing or lead leaching must be avoided.
Can C92700 F-SAND be formed, bent or molded?
Casting alloy only: pour 1100–1180 °C into sand, permanent, centrifugal or continuous moulds, feed heavily and cool directionally to limit tin/lead segregation and microshrinkage.
What is the maximum service temperature of C92700 F-SAND?
C92700 F-SAND is rated for continuous use to about 250°C (482 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between C92700 F-SAND and C92700 CENT?
F-SAND is the default condition — standard as-cast sand-mould condition for bushings, bearing shells and worm gear blanks per ASTM B584. CENT: use for large-diameter rings, sleeves and gear rims where a dense, inclusion-free wall is required. Yield strength is 138 MPa in F-SAND versus 145 MPa in CENT.
Sources
- ASTM B584 — Copper Alloy Sand Castings for General Applications — ASTM International (2022)
- ASTM B505/B505M — Copper Alloy Continuous Castings — ASTM International (2018)
- ASTM B271 — Copper-Base Alloy Centrifugal Castings — ASTM International (2020)
- Copper Alloy C92700 alloy datasheet (copper.org) — Copper Development Association (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 18 — Friction, Lubrication and Wear Technology — ASM International (1992)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.