Steel SPFH590
SPFH590 is a JIS hot-rolled automotive high-strength sheet steel, structurally comparable to a DP590-class dual-phase grade with ferrite plus martensite.
Reference datasheet — SPFH590 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the HR-PO condition
SPFH590 tempers and conditions
SPFH590 is supplied in 4 conditions, soft to hard. HR-PO is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 4 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SPFH590Y | Choose when deep-drawing or stretch forming dominates: lower yield point, high work hardening (n≈0.16–0.20) and higher total elongation at the same 590 MPa tensile class. | 380 | 640 | 29 | 188 HB | 8.5 % IACS |
HR-PODefault Hot rolled, pickled and oiled | Standard stocked condition for stamped automotive structural parts: clean, scale-free surface ready for forming, welding and e-coat. | 470 | 640 | 25 | 190 HB | — |
as hot rolled, mill scale (black) surface | Cheapest supply route for parts that are shot-blasted or machined after forming; scale hurts die life, paint adhesion and spot-weld consistency. | 475 | 645 | 24 | 192 HB | 8.5 % IACS |
Skin-passed / temper-rolled coil | Light temper pass to flatten the strip, improve shape and suppress yield-point elongation (stretcher strain) on visible stampings. | 490 | 650 | 24 | 195 HB | 8.5 % IACS |
What is SPFH590?
SPFH590 is a JIS hot-rolled automotive high-strength sheet steel, structurally comparable to a DP590-class dual-phase grade with ferrite plus martensite. It offers 470 MPa yield, 640 MPa tensile and 25 % elongation at 190 HB (92 HRB), supplied pickled and oiled (HR-PO), black hot-rolled (HR-BLACK), as a special-formability variant (SP) and as the high-elongation 590Y grade. It is the most formable and most weldable step in this family, but bare surfaces rust quickly and it accepts no anodizing. Move to SPFH780/DP780 when higher strength or thickness reduction is required. SPFH590 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,490°C (2,714 °F). SPFH590 has a yield strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) and a tensile strength of 640 MPa (92.8 ksi) — stronger than 57% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 207 GPa (30 Msi).
What is SPFH590 used for?
- chassis parts
- wheels
- structural brackets
Advantages
- Readily welded — 78/100, better than 78% of steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 25%, better than 77% of steel grades
Limitations
- Hard to polish — 45/100, worse than 84% of steel grades
- Limited service temperature — 300°C (572 °F), worse than 78% of steel grades
SPFH590 properties
Typical room-temperature values for SPFH590-HR-PO; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
SPFH590 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,490°C (2,714 °F).
Mechanical14
SPFH590 has a yield strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) and a tensile strength of 640 MPa (92.8 ksi) — stronger than 57% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 207 GPa (30 Msi).
Thermal6
SPFH590 is rated for continuous service to 300°C (572 °F). It conducts heat at 46 W/m·K (26.6 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 71% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
SPFH590 conducts electricity at 8.5 % IACS, better than 63% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (12/100), worse than 53% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of SPFH590 takes about 28 MJ of energy and emits 2.2 kg of CO₂ — less than 56% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 20%.
Manufacturability6
SPFH590's machinability is fair (48/100, worse than 57% of steel grades); weldability very good (78/100); formability good (58/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. SPFH590 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with SPFH590
Is SPFH590 easy to machine?
Rarely machined as a grade; drilling and trimming behave like a 190 HB medium-carbon steel — use coated carbide, rigid clamping, and expect faster punch wear than mild steel.
Can SPFH590 be welded?
Good resistance spot welding with AHSS schedules (higher force, shorter/pulsed current); MAG/laser welding fine, but HAZ softening in the martensitic phase can move failure out of the weld.
Can SPFH590 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold stampable but plan for 15–25 % springback vs mild steel, larger bend radii (≥1.5–2 t) and sheared-edge conditioning to protect hole-expansion performance; the 590Y variant is preferred for deep draws.
SPFH590 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Ctypical mill practice; JIS G 3134 leaves C to producer within weldability limits | ≤ 0.13 | 0.08 |
| Siferrite strengthening / retained-austenite control | 0.05 – 1 | 0.4 |
| Mnhardenability for the bainite/martensite second phase | 0.8 – 2 | 1.5 |
| PJIS G 3134 limit | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| SJIS G 3134 limit; kept low for hole expansion | ≤ 0.04 | 0.01 |
| Alkilled steel | 0.02 – 0.07 | 0.04 |
| Croptional hardenability addition | ≤ 0.6 | 0.2 |
| Mooptional, some DP practices | ≤ 0.3 | 0.05 |
| Ti+Nboptional microalloying for grain refinement / hole expansion | ≤ 0.1 | 0.03 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on SPFH590?
Pickle or blast off scale, then phosphate + e-coat/paint or zinc-rich primer; bare surfaces rust quickly and the grade takes no anodizing.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel SPFH590 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- Similar grades
- DP590
How much does SPFH590 cost?
SPFH590 is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
SPFH590 — frequently asked
What is SPFH590 used for?
SPFH590 is typically used for chassis parts, wheels and structural brackets. In short: entry-level hot-rolled AHSS; most formable grade here; chassis stamping workhorse.
What is the yield strength of SPFH590?
SPFH590 has a typical yield strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) and a tensile strength of 640 MPa (92.8 ksi) — stronger than 57% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 4 listed tempers.
Is SPFH590 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (48/100, worse than 57% of steel grades). Rarely machined as a grade; drilling and trimming behave like a 190 HB medium-carbon steel — use coated carbide, rigid clamping, and expect faster punch wear than mild steel.
Can SPFH590 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (78/100). Good resistance spot welding with AHSS schedules (higher force, shorter/pulsed current); MAG/laser welding fine, but HAZ softening in the martensitic phase can move failure out of the weld.
What surface finishes work on SPFH590?
Pickle or blast off scale, then phosphate + e-coat/paint or zinc-rich primer; bare surfaces rust quickly and the grade takes no anodizing.
Can SPFH590 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold stampable but plan for 15–25 % springback vs mild steel, larger bend radii (≥1.5–2 t) and sheared-edge conditioning to protect hole-expansion performance; the 590Y variant is preferred for deep draws.
What is the maximum service temperature of SPFH590?
SPFH590 is rated for continuous use to about 300°C (572 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between SPFH590 HR-PO and SPFH590 590Y?
HR-PO is the default condition — standard stocked condition for stamped automotive structural parts: clean, scale-free surface ready for forming, welding and e-coat. 590Y: choose when deep-drawing or stretch forming dominates: lower yield point, high work hardening (n≈0.16–0.20) and higher total elongation at the same 590 MPa tensile class. Yield strength is 470 MPa in HR-PO versus 380 MPa in 590Y.
How much does SPFH590 cost?
SPFH590 is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- JIS G 3134 — Hot-rolled high strength steel sheet and strip for automobile structural uses — JSA (2018)
- Hot-rolled high-strength steel sheet for automotive use (590 MPa class) — Nippon Steel / JFE Steel (2022)
- Advanced High-Strength Steels Application Guidelines v7 — WorldAutoSteel (2021)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- GB/T 20564 / JAC590Y comparable dual-phase sheet specifications — SAC (2017)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.