Steel Q235D
GB Q235D
Q235D is the top quality class of the Q235 carbon structural steel family in GB/T 700, separated from Q235A/B/C not by strength but by a guaranteed Charpy impact requirement at −20 °C.
Reference datasheet — Q235D is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the HR condition
Q235D tempers and conditions
Q235D is supplied in 6 conditions, soft to hard. HR is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solution annealed | Softest condition, for maximum cold formability or to relieve stresses after heavy forming or welding. | 240 | 400 | 33 | 115 HB | 11 % IACS |
HRDefault Hot rolled | Default mill condition for plate, sections, coil and bar; use for general welded structures needing −20 °C toughness. | 265 | 430 | 29 | 130 HB | — |
Normalized | Pick for heavy plate/forgings where uniform fine grain and reliable sub-zero impact energy through thickness are required. | 275 | 440 | 31 | 128 HB | 10.8 % IACS |
Thermomechanically controlled processed | Use for thick plate where high toughness at −20 °C with a low carbon equivalent (low preheat welding) is wanted. | 290 | 450 | 30 | 135 HB | 10.8 % IACS |
Cold rolled | Thin-gauge sheet for pressed parts and enclosures where surface finish and dimensional accuracy matter. | 310 | 420 | 22 | 140 HB | 10.8 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Choose for shafts, pins and machined parts needing tight tolerance, bright finish and higher yield strength. | 400 | 500 | 14 | 170 HB | — |
Supply forms, finishes and certifications
Ways Q235D is supplied — form, process route, surface or paperwork — without a datasheet of their own. The property values above apply.
| Option | What it is | Type |
|---|---|---|
HDG | Hot-dip galvanized product | Coating |
What is Q235D?
Q235D is the top quality class of the Q235 carbon structural steel family in GB/T 700, separated from Q235A/B/C not by strength but by a guaranteed Charpy impact requirement at −20 °C. Engineers specify it for welded structures in cold-climate service; it is available as hot-rolled plate and sections, normalized and TMCP plate, cold-rolled and cold-drawn stock, annealed bar and hot-dip galvanized product. Default hot-rolled values are 265 MPa yield, 430 MPa tensile, 29 % elongation and about 130 HB. It has no inherent corrosion resistance and modest design strength, so move to a Q345/S355-class grade where higher yield is required. Q235D has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,495°C (2,723 °F). Q235D has a yield strength of 265 MPa (38.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 430 MPa (62.4 ksi) — weaker than 92% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 29% and the elastic modulus is 206 GPa (29.9 Msi).
What is Q235D used for?
- structural steel
- low-temperature service structures
- welded assemblies
Advantages
- Readily welded — 95/100, better than 97% of steel grades
- Easy to machine — 70/100, better than 96% of steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 85/100, better than 96% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 10.8 % IACS, better than 94% of steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 29%, better than 91% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 265 MPa (38.4 ksi), worse than 92% of steel grades
- Hard to polish — 45/100, worse than 84% of steel grades
Q235D properties
Typical room-temperature values for Q235D-HR; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
Q235D has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,495°C (2,723 °F).
Mechanical16
Q235D has a yield strength of 265 MPa (38.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 430 MPa (62.4 ksi) — weaker than 92% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 29% and the elastic modulus is 206 GPa (29.9 Msi).
Thermal6
Q235D is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 50 W/m·K (28.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Q235D conducts electricity at 10.8 % IACS, better than 94% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Q235D takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 2.1 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 22%.
Manufacturability6
Q235D's machinability is very good (70/100, better than 96% of steel grades); weldability excellent (95/100); formability excellent (85/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. Q235D is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with Q235D
Is Q235D easy to machine?
Machines easily with HSS or carbide at ~68 % of AISI 1212; low carbon makes it gummy, so use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed and good chip evacuation for clean threads and finishes.
Can Q235D be welded?
Excellent weldability by SMAW/GMAW/SAW with E43xx (E6013/E7018 class) consumables; CEV ≈ 0.30–0.35 so no preheat below ~30 mm, use low-hydrogen electrodes to preserve the −20 °C impact requirement.
Can Q235D be formed, bent or molded?
Good cold bending and pressing per the GB/T 700 cold-bend test (d = a for ≤60 mm); hot forming at 1150–850 °C, avoid finishing below 800 °C to keep grain fine.
Q235D chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CGB/T 700-2006 Q235D | ≤ 0.17 | 0.15 |
| Si | ≤ 0.35 | 0.22 |
| Mn | ≤ 1.4 | 0.55 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Alacid-soluble Al when fine-grain/killed practice is applied | ≥ 0.02 | 0.03 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on Q235D?
No natural corrosion resistance — specify shot blasting to Sa 2½ plus paint, hot-dip galvanizing or zinc-rich primer; can be phosphated, black oxided or electroplated.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel Q235D in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- Also called
- Q235-D
How much does Q235D cost?
Q235D is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Q235D — frequently asked
What is Q235D used for?
Q235D is typically used for structural steel, low-temperature service structures and welded assemblies. In short: cold-climate Q235 grade; −20 °C impact tested; highly weldable structural steel.
What is the yield strength of Q235D?
Q235D has a typical yield strength of 265 MPa (38.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 430 MPa (62.4 ksi) — weaker than 92% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is Q235D easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (70/100, better than 96% of steel grades). Machines easily with HSS or carbide at ~68 % of AISI 1212; low carbon makes it gummy, so use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed and good chip evacuation for clean threads and finishes.
Can Q235D be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (95/100). Excellent weldability by SMAW/GMAW/SAW with E43xx (E6013/E7018 class) consumables; CEV ≈ 0.30–0.35 so no preheat below ~30 mm, use low-hydrogen electrodes to preserve the −20 °C impact requirement.
What surface finishes work on Q235D?
No natural corrosion resistance — specify shot blasting to Sa 2½ plus paint, hot-dip galvanizing or zinc-rich primer; can be phosphated, black oxided or electroplated.
Can Q235D be formed, bent or molded?
Good cold bending and pressing per the GB/T 700 cold-bend test (d = a for ≤60 mm); hot forming at 1150–850 °C, avoid finishing below 800 °C to keep grain fine.
What is the maximum service temperature of Q235D?
Q235D is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Q235D-HR and Q235D-CD?
HR is the default condition — default mill condition for plate, sections, coil and bar; use for general welded structures needing −20 °C toughness. CD: choose for shafts, pins and machined parts needing tight tolerance, bright finish and higher yield strength. Yield strength is 265 MPa in HR versus 400 MPa in CD.
How much does Q235D cost?
Q235D is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- ASM Handbook Vol.1: Properties and Selection — Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Machinery's Handbook, 31st ed. — Industrial Press (2020)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.