Steel 590X
ASTM J2340 590X
590X is the high-strength member of the SAE J2340 HSLA sheet family, micro-alloyed to a 590 MPa minimum yield with sheet on file at 625 MPa yield, 670 MPa tensile, 16 % elongation and 200 HB (93 HRB).
Reference datasheet — 590X is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the CR condition
590X tempers and conditions
590X is supplied in 2 conditions, soft to hard. CR is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 2 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRDefault Cold rolled | Most commonly stocked form: thin-gauge (0.6–2.5 mm) cold-rolled sheet for painted inner structural panels and reinforcements. | 625 | 670 | 16 | 200 HB | 8.5 % IACS |
Hot rolled | Choose for heavier gauges (≥1.8 mm) such as chassis rails, suspension arms and wheel discs where cost matters more than surface finish. | 630 | 680 | 19 | 205 HB | 8.5 % IACS |
Supply forms, finishes and certifications
Ways 590X is supplied — form, process route, surface or paperwork — without a datasheet of their own. The property values above apply.
| Option | What it is | Type |
|---|---|---|
HDGI | Hot-dip galvanized | Surface finish |
EG | Electrogalvanized | Coating |
GA | Hot-dip galvannealed | Coating |
What is 590X?
590X is the high-strength member of the SAE J2340 HSLA sheet family, micro-alloyed to a 590 MPa minimum yield with sheet on file at 625 MPa yield, 670 MPa tensile, 16 % elongation and 200 HB (93 HRB). It is used for weight-reduced structural body components in cold-rolled, hot-rolled, hot-dip galvanized, galvannealed and electrogalvanized form. Formability is limited (n about 0.13-0.16) with marked springback, and the bare steel has no corrosion resistance. For deep-drawn shapes at similar strength, DP590 dual-phase sheet is the usual alternative. 590X has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,500°C (2,732 °F). 590X has a yield strength of 625 MPa (90.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 670 MPa (97.2 ksi) — stronger than 79% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 16% and the elastic modulus is 207 GPa (30 Msi).
What is 590X used for?
- auto frame rails
- crash-structure reinforcements
- wheel discs
Advantages
- High strength — 625 MPa (90.6 ksi), better than 79% of steel grades
- Readily welded — 80/100, better than 79% of steel grades
Limitations
- Hard to polish — 40/100, worse than 96% of steel grades
- Limited service temperature — 300°C (572 °F), worse than 78% of steel grades
590X properties
Typical room-temperature values for 590X-CR; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
590X has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,500°C (2,732 °F).
Mechanical16
590X has a yield strength of 625 MPa (90.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 670 MPa (97.2 ksi) — stronger than 79% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 16% and the elastic modulus is 207 GPa (30 Msi).
Thermal6
590X is rated for continuous service to 300°C (572 °F). It conducts heat at 45 W/m·K (26 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 66% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
590X conducts electricity at 8.5 % IACS, better than 63% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (12/100), worse than 53% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 590X takes about 30 MJ of energy and emits 2.3 kg of CO₂ — more than 56% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability6
590X's machinability is fair (45/100, worse than 65% of steel grades); weldability very good (80/100); formability good (55/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. 590X is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 590X
Is 590X easy to machine?
Rarely machined as sheet; drilling/trimming needs sharp carbide and rigid clamping — expect higher blanking loads and faster die wear than mild steel.
Can 590X be welded?
Good resistance spot, MAG and laser weldability at low carbon equivalent; use slightly higher spot force/current than mild steel and avoid excessive heat input to protect the microalloyed HAZ.
Can 590X be formed, bent or molded?
Cold stampable but with n≈0.13–0.16 and marked springback — allow larger bend radii (≥2t), use over-bend/stake compensation and consider DP590 for deep-drawn shapes.
590X chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CType X max; low C for spot weldability | ≤ 0.15 | 0.09 |
| Mn | ≤ 2 | 1.6 |
| Si | ≤ 0.6 | 0.25 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| SType X ≤0.015; Type Y ≤0.010 | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Alkilled / grain refined | 0.02 – 0.1 | 0.04 |
| Nbmicroalloy; Nb+Ti+V total typically ≤0.22 | ≤ 0.1 | 0.04 |
| Timicroalloy | ≤ 0.15 | 0.03 |
| Vmicroalloy | ≤ 0.1 | 0.02 |
| N | ≤ 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 590X?
No natural corrosion resistance: specify GA/GI/EG coating or phosphate + e-coat; zinc-coated variants take standard automotive paint systems well.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel 590X in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- ASTM
- J2340 590X
How much does 590X cost?
590X is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
590X — frequently asked
What is 590X used for?
590X is typically used for auto frame rails, crash-structure reinforcements and wheel discs. In short: 590 MPa yield HSLA sheet; weldable lightweighting grade; stronger than 340X.
What is the yield strength of 590X?
590X has a typical yield strength of 625 MPa (90.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 670 MPa (97.2 ksi) — stronger than 79% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 2 listed tempers.
Is 590X easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (45/100, worse than 65% of steel grades). Rarely machined as sheet; drilling/trimming needs sharp carbide and rigid clamping — expect higher blanking loads and faster die wear than mild steel.
Can 590X be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (80/100). Good resistance spot, MAG and laser weldability at low carbon equivalent; use slightly higher spot force/current than mild steel and avoid excessive heat input to protect the microalloyed HAZ.
What surface finishes work on 590X?
No natural corrosion resistance: specify GA/GI/EG coating or phosphate + e-coat; zinc-coated variants take standard automotive paint systems well.
Can 590X be formed, bent or molded?
Cold stampable but with n≈0.13–0.16 and marked springback — allow larger bend radii (≥2t), use over-bend/stake compensation and consider DP590 for deep-drawn shapes.
What is the maximum service temperature of 590X?
590X is rated for continuous use to about 300°C (572 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 590X-CR and 590X-HR?
CR is the default condition — most commonly stocked form: thin-gauge (0.6–2.5 mm) cold-rolled sheet for painted inner structural panels and reinforcements. HR: choose for heavier gauges (≥1.8 mm) such as chassis rails, suspension arms and wheel discs where cost matters more than surface finish. Yield strength is 625 MPa in CR versus 630 MPa in HR.
How much does 590X cost?
590X is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- SAE J2340 — Categorization and Properties of Dent Resistant, High Strength, and Ultra High Strength Automotive Sheet Steel — SAE International (2022)
- ASTM A1008/A1008M — Steel Sheet, Cold-Rolled, HSLAS — ASTM (2021)
- ASTM A1011/A1011M — Steel Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, HSLAS — ASTM (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys (HSLA steels) — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.19 — Fatigue and Fracture — ASM International (1996)
- WorldAutoSteel AHSS Application Guidelines (HSLA 590) — WorldAutoSteel (2021)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.