Steel E360
EN E360
E360 (1.0070) is the highest-carbon grade in the EN 10025-2 unalloyed engineering steel family, carrying up to about 0.60–0.65 % C and a 360 MPa minimum yield strength for higher hardness and wear resistance.
Reference datasheet — E360 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the +AR condition
E360 tempers and conditions
E360 is supplied in 6 conditions, soft to hard. +AR is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solution annealed | Lowest hardness condition for heavy machining, cold forming or before hardening; strength is well below the EN 10025-2 minima. | 330 | 610 | 20 | 180 HB | — |
+ARDefault Hot rolled | Standard mill delivery condition for E360 bar, section and plate; pick it for general machined structural and wear parts. | 380 | 730 | 12 | 215 HB | — |
Normalized | Choose when a uniform fine pearlitic structure and more consistent machining/heat-treat response is needed in heavy sections. | 390 | 720 | 14 | 210 HB | — |
Cold drawn | Cold-drawn bar for close tolerance, bright surface and higher strength shafts/pins; ductility and bendability are strongly reduced. | 640 | 830 | 7 | 23 HRC | — |
Q&T 28–34 HRC | Water/oil quenched and tempered around 550–600 °C for tough, high-strength shafts and gear blanks made from this high-carbon grade. | 700 | 950 | 13 | 31 HRC | — |
Q&T 42–48 HRC | Hardened and tempered near 250–350 °C for wear surfaces, rails, cams and liners where hardness matters more than toughness. | 1,150 | 1,450 | 6 | 45 HRC | — |
What is E360?
E360 (1.0070) is the highest-carbon grade in the EN 10025-2 unalloyed engineering steel family, carrying up to about 0.60–0.65 % C and a 360 MPa minimum yield strength for higher hardness and wear resistance. It is used for heavily loaded pins, wear plates and simple tooling, and is available as-rolled, normalized, annealed, cold-drawn and quenched and tempered (QT30, QT45). Default properties are 380 MPa yield, 730 MPa tensile, 12 % elongation and 215 HB. Weldability is poor with a carbon equivalent above 0.5, ductility is limited and there is no corrosion resistance; use E335 where welding or cold forming is required. E360 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F). E360 has a yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 730 MPa (106 ksi) — weaker than 68% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
What is E360 used for?
- High-strength shafts
- Wear plates
- Springs (light duty)
- Cutting and forming tools (basic)
- High-load machine pins
Advantages
- High electrical conductivity — 10 % IACS, better than 83% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 48 W/m·K (27.7 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 79% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low fracture toughness — 50 MPa·√m (45.5 ksi·√in), worse than 86% of steel grades
- Limited ductility — 12%, worse than 84% of steel grades
E360 properties
Typical room-temperature values for E360-+AR; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
E360 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F).
Mechanical16
E360 has a yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 730 MPa (106 ksi) — weaker than 68% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
Thermal6
E360 is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 48 W/m·K (27.7 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 79% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
E360 conducts electricity at 10 % IACS, better than 83% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of E360 takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 2 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
E360's machinability is fair (42/100, worse than 73% of steel grades); weldability poor (30/100); formability poor (30/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. E360 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with E360
Is E360 easy to machine?
Machine in the annealed or normalized state with carbide tooling, moderate speeds and generous coolant; expect abrasive pearlite wear and poor chip-breaking without free-machining additions.
Can E360 be welded?
Poor weldability — carbon equivalent above 0.5 demands 200–300 °C preheat, low-hydrogen consumables, controlled interpass and immediate stress relief to avoid HAZ martensite cracking.
Can E360 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot forge/roll at 1050–1200 °C with slow cooling; cold bending is limited to large radii and is best done after soft annealing.
E360 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CNot limited by EN 10025-2 for E360; range is typical mill analysis needed to reach 670–830 MPa | 0.4 – 0.65 | 0.55 |
| Sitypical mill practice, not specified in EN 10025-2 | ≤ 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Mntypical mill practice, not specified in EN 10025-2 | 0.5 – 1.1 | 0.8 |
| PEN 10025-2 ladle analysis max | ≤ 0.05 | 0.02 |
| SEN 10025-2 ladle analysis max | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| NEN 10025-2 ladle analysis max (limit may be waived if N-binding elements present) | ≤ 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on E360?
No corrosion resistance of its own — protect with phosphate + oil, black oxide, zinc plating, hard chrome or paint; induction or flame hardening gives a wear-resistant case.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel E360 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- 1.0070
- Also called
- St70-2
- Similar grades
- 60
How much does E360 cost?
E360 is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
E360 — frequently asked
What is E360 used for?
E360 is typically used for high-strength shafts, wear plates, springs (light duty), cutting and forming tools (basic) and high-load machine pins. In short: highest-carbon EN engineering steel; wear resistance without alloying; poorest weldability in family.
What is the yield strength of E360?
E360 has a typical yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 730 MPa (106 ksi) — weaker than 68% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is E360 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (42/100, worse than 73% of steel grades). Machine in the annealed or normalized state with carbide tooling, moderate speeds and generous coolant; expect abrasive pearlite wear and poor chip-breaking without free-machining additions.
Can E360 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (30/100). Poor weldability — carbon equivalent above 0.5 demands 200–300 °C preheat, low-hydrogen consumables, controlled interpass and immediate stress relief to avoid HAZ martensite cracking.
What surface finishes work on E360?
No corrosion resistance of its own — protect with phosphate + oil, black oxide, zinc plating, hard chrome or paint; induction or flame hardening gives a wear-resistant case.
Can E360 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot forge/roll at 1050–1200 °C with slow cooling; cold bending is limited to large radii and is best done after soft annealing.
What is the maximum service temperature of E360?
E360 is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between E360 +AR and E360-QT45?
+AR is the default condition — standard mill delivery condition for E360 bar, section and plate; pick it for general machined structural and wear parts. QT45: hardened and tempered near 250–350 °C for wear surfaces, rails, cams and liners where hardness matters more than toughness. Yield strength is 380 MPa in +AR versus 1,150 MPa in QT45.
How much does E360 cost?
E360 is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- EN 10025-2 Hot rolled products of structural steels — Non-alloy structural steels — CEN (2019)
- DIN 17100 (superseded) — St 70-2 — DIN (1980)
- EN 10277 Bright steel products — technical delivery conditions — CEN (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.19 — Fatigue and Fracture — ASM International (1996)
- GB/T 699 (60 grade cross-reference) — SAC (2015)
- Mysteel / SMM (2025)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.