Steel 25Cr2MoVA-CD (Cold drawn)
Supply condition
GB 25Cr2MoVA
Close-tolerance, bright-finish bar for small shafts and stems where full Q&T strength is not needed.
Values for the CD condition
Other 25Cr2MoVA tempers and conditions
25Cr2MoVA is listed in 8 conditions; see the grade overview at 25Cr2MoVA.
Compare all 8 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solution annealed | Softest condition for rough machining, deep-hole drilling and thread rolling before final Q&T. | 450 | 720 | 22 | 18 HRC | 8 % IACS |
Hot rolled | Mill supply condition for bar to be re-heat-treated by the part maker; not for load-bearing use as-is. | 520 | 800 | 15 | 25 HRC | 7.8 % IACS |
Normalized | Grain refinement and structure homogenisation of forgings before final quench and temper. | 620 | 880 | 16 | 27 HRC | 7.6 % IACS |
CDThis page Cold drawn | Close-tolerance, bright-finish bar for small shafts and stems where full Q&T strength is not needed. | 700 | 850 | 12 | 26 HRC | 7.7 % IACS |
Bolting temper | Hardness-controlled temper for pressure-boundary studs where relaxation resistance and toughness matter more than peak strength. | 800 | 950 | 18 | 30 HRC | — |
Q&TDefault Quenched and tempered | Standard delivered condition for high-temperature bolting, studs and valve spindles; meets GB/T 3077 property table. | 850 | 1,000 | 16 | 31 HRC | — |
quenched & tempered then gas/ion nitrided | Choose for valve spindles, gears and wear surfaces needing a hard, seizure-resistant case on a tough 30 HRC core. | 850 | 1,000 | 14 | 31 HRC | 7.5 % IACS |
Higher-strength temper | Pick when maximum bolt preload or shaft strength is wanted and service temperature stays below ~450 °C. | 1,000 | 1,150 | 13 | 36 HRC | — |
What is 25Cr2MoVA-CD?
25Cr2MoVA-CD is 25Cr2MoVA supplied in the CD condition — close-tolerance, bright-finish bar for small shafts and stems where full Q&T strength is not needed. 25Cr2MoVA-CD has a yield strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) and a tensile strength of 850 MPa (123 ksi) — stronger than 81% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi). 25Cr2MoVA-CD has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F). Q&T is the default condition FabDigit quotes; CD is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High strength — 700 MPa (102 ksi), better than 81% of steel grades
Limitations
- Limited ductility — 12%, worse than 84% of steel grades
- Limited formability — 22/100, worse than 76% of steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 65 MPa·√m (59.2 ksi·√in), worse than 75% of steel grades
25Cr2MoVA-CD properties
Typical room-temperature values for 25Cr2MoVA-CD; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 25Cr2MoVA reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
25Cr2MoVA-CD has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F).
Mechanical16
25Cr2MoVA-CD has a yield strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) and a tensile strength of 850 MPa (123 ksi) — stronger than 81% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
Thermal6
25Cr2MoVA-CD is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 40 W/m·K (23.1 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 64% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12.3 µm/m·K (6.83 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
25Cr2MoVA-CD conducts electricity at 7.7 % IACS, worse than 65% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (15/100), better than 75% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 25Cr2MoVA-CD takes about 34 MJ of energy and emits 2.4 kg of CO₂ — more than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability8
25Cr2MoVA-CD's machinability is fair (52/100, better than 52% of steel grades); weldability poor (30/100); formability poor (22/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 25Cr2MoVA-CD
Is 25Cr2MoVA easy to machine?
Rough machine annealed (≤241 HB) and finish after Q&T at 28–35 HRC with coated carbide, rigid setups and moderate speeds; thread rolling before tempering gives the best fatigue life.
Can 25Cr2MoVA be welded?
Weld only when unavoidable — preheat 250–350 °C, use matched Cr-Mo-V or 2.25Cr-1Mo filler, low hydrogen, and PWHT/temper at 680–700 °C to avoid cold cracking.
Can 25Cr2MoVA be formed, bent or molded?
Forge 1150→850 °C with slow cooling then anneal; cold bending is impractical in the Q&T state.
What surface finishes work on 25Cr2MoVA?
Phosphate, black oxide or Zn-Ni/aluminium-flake coatings for atmospheric use; gas or ion nitriding at 520–560 °C gives an 800–1000 HV case — avoid electroplating above 1000 MPa without hydrogen bake-out.
25Cr2MoVA chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.22 – 0.29 | 0.26 |
| Si | 0.17 – 0.37 | 0.27 |
| Mn | 0.4 – 0.7 | 0.55 |
| Cr | 1.5 – 1.8 | 1.65 |
| Mo | 0.25 – 0.35 | 0.3 |
| V | 0.15 – 0.3 | 0.22 |
| Niresidual | ≤ 0.3 | — |
| Curesidual | ≤ 0.2 | — |
| Phigh-quality steel grade A limit | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Shigh-quality steel grade A limit | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Fe | balance | — |
25Cr2MoVA-CD — frequently asked
What is 25Cr2MoVA-CD used for?
25Cr2MoVA-CD is typically used for steam turbine bolting and studs, high-pressure valve stems, high-temperature flange fasteners, nitrided shafts and spindles, boiler superheater components and hot petrochemical piping fittings. In short: high-strength aerospace bar.
What is the yield strength of 25Cr2MoVA-CD?
25Cr2MoVA-CD has a typical yield strength of 700 MPa (102 ksi) and a tensile strength of 850 MPa (123 ksi) — stronger than 81% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 8 listed tempers.
Is 25Cr2MoVA-CD easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (52/100, better than 52% of steel grades). Rough machine annealed (≤241 HB) and finish after Q&T at 28–35 HRC with coated carbide, rigid setups and moderate speeds; thread rolling before tempering gives the best fatigue life.
Can 25Cr2MoVA-CD be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (30/100). Weld only when unavoidable — preheat 250–350 °C, use matched Cr-Mo-V or 2.25Cr-1Mo filler, low hydrogen, and PWHT/temper at 680–700 °C to avoid cold cracking.
What surface finishes work on 25Cr2MoVA-CD?
Phosphate, black oxide or Zn-Ni/aluminium-flake coatings for atmospheric use; gas or ion nitriding at 520–560 °C gives an 800–1000 HV case — avoid electroplating above 1000 MPa without hydrogen bake-out.
Can 25Cr2MoVA-CD be formed, bent or molded?
Forge 1150→850 °C with slow cooling then anneal; cold bending is impractical in the Q&T state.
What is the maximum service temperature of 25Cr2MoVA-CD?
25Cr2MoVA-CD is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 25Cr2MoVA Q&T and 25Cr2MoVA-A?
Q&T is the default condition — standard delivered condition for high-temperature bolting, studs and valve spindles; meets GB/T 3077 property table. A: softest condition for rough machining, deep-hole drilling and thread rolling before final Q&T. Yield strength is 850 MPa in Q&T versus 450 MPa in A.
Can FabDigit make parts in 25Cr2MoVA-CD?
Yes — 25Cr2MoVA-CD is available for CNC machining and sheet metal; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1: Properties and Selection — Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 19: Fatigue and Fracture — ASM International (1996)
- ASTM A193/A193M (B16 Cr-Mo-V bolting, comparison grade) — ASTM International (2023)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.