Steel 1060
AISI/SAE 1060 · UNS G10600 · EN C60 · GB 60
1060 is a high-carbon (≈0.60 % C) plain-carbon steel, equivalent to GB 60 and DIN C60, supplied as hot-rolled bar/plate, cold-drawn bar, coil and spring wire.
Values for the HR condition
1060 tempers and conditions
1060 is supplied in 9 conditions, soft to hard. HR is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 9 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HRDefault Hot rolled | Default stock form for bar, plate and flat: cheapest, adequate strength, to be machined and then heat treated if hardness is needed. | 370 | 675 | 17 | 201 HB | — |
full/spheroidize annealed | Softest condition — use when the part must be heavily machined, cold formed or blanked before hardening. | 372 | 626 | 22 | 179 HB | — |
air cooled from ~900 °C | Use to refine and homogenize the structure of forgings and hot-rolled sections before machining or hardening; better strength than annealed with uniform properties. | 421 | 776 | 18 | 229 HB | — |
Spheroidize Annealed + Cold Drawn | 1060 bar spheroidize-annealed to globular carbide then cold drawn — moderate strength with the best cold-formability and machinability attainable in a 0.60 %C steel. | 485 | 620 | 10 | 183 HB | 10.5 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Choose for bright, straight, close-tolerance bar with higher yield than hot rolled and good as-machined finish; residual stress can cause bow after heavy machining. | 670 | 775 | 10 | 229 HB | — |
Cold rolled | Pick for thin strip and spring/shim stock where flat, close-tolerance, smooth-surface material is needed; hardness set by the amount of cold reduction. | 700 | 830 | 8 | 24 HRC | 9.5 % IACS |
Quenched and tempered | General-purpose hardened-and-tempered condition for springs, shafts and wear parts needing ~1000 MPa strength with some ductility. | 765 | 1,080 | 13 | 33 HRC | — |
quenched and low-temperature tempered (200–300 °C) | Pick for blades, wear plates, dies and hand tools where hardness and wear resistance dominate and impact loading is low. | 1,250 | 1,550 | 6 | 47 HRC | — |
Hard-drawn / patented spring wire | Wire condition for coil and tension springs wound cold and only stress-relieved; strength rises sharply as diameter falls. | 1,300 | 1,500 | 5 | 45 HRC | 9 % IACS |
What is 1060?
1060 is a high-carbon (≈0.60 % C) plain-carbon steel, equivalent to GB 60 and DIN C60, supplied as hot-rolled bar/plate, cold-drawn bar, coil and spring wire. It is chosen when high strength, wear resistance and good response to through-hardening are needed at low cost — typical uses are springs, shafts, wear plates, rails, hand tools, blades and agricultural parts. Its limits are poor weldability and low notch toughness, plus a strong tendency to quench cracking and distortion, so oil quenching plus prompt tempering (or induction hardening) is normal. 1060 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F). 1060 has a yield strength of 370 MPa (53.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 675 MPa (97.9 ksi) — weaker than 70% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 17% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
What is 1060 used for?
- Coil and leaf springs
- Knife blanks
- Wear plates
- Hand tools
- Shafts
- Agricultural blades and tines
- Rails
- Hard-drawn spring wire
Advantages
- Low embodied carbon — 1.9 kg CO₂/kg, better than 92% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 49 W/m·K (28.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 83% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 9.6 % IACS, better than 78% of steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 65/100, better than 78% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low fracture toughness — 45 MPa·√m (41 ksi·√in), worse than 90% of steel grades
- Limited service temperature — 300°C (572 °F), worse than 78% of steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 25/100, worse than 77% of steel grades
1060 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1060-HR; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
1060 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical15
1060 has a yield strength of 370 MPa (53.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 675 MPa (97.9 ksi) — weaker than 70% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 17% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
Thermal6
1060 is rated for continuous service to 300°C (572 °F). It conducts heat at 49 W/m·K (28.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 83% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.3 µm/m·K (6.28 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1060 conducts electricity at 9.6 % IACS, better than 78% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1060 takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 1.9 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
1060's machinability is fair (45/100, worse than 65% of steel grades); weldability poor (25/100); formability poor (30/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. 1060 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 1060
Is 1060 easy to machine?
Machine in the annealed or normalized state with rigid setups, sharp carbide or coated-carbide tooling, moderate speed and generous coolant; above ~35 HRC switch to grinding or ceramic/CBN tooling.
Can 1060 be welded?
Poor weldability (CE ≈ 0.7–0.8): preheat 200–300 °C, use low-hydrogen consumables, keep interpass heat, and post-weld stress relieve/temper immediately or expect underbead cracking.
Can 1060 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed/spheroidized state and with generous bend radii; hot form 850–1100 °C, then normalize — heavy cold work needs intermediate anneals.
Manufacturability
The process limits FabDigit applies to 1060. Every 1060 part is priced by an engineer; design inside these and the quote comes back without a redesign loop.
CNC machining
| Machinability | Fair45 / 100 |
|---|---|
| ISO material group | P.1 |
| Cutting speed (rough / finish) | 220 / 260 m/min |
| Minimum wall | 0.8 mm |
| Minimum internal radius | 1 mm |
| Drill depth limit | 5× diameter |
| Best surface (machined / polished) | Ra 1.6 / — |
| Hardenable after machining | No |
Sheet metal
| Formability | Fair30 / 100 |
|---|---|
| Weldability | Poor25 / 100 |
| Bendable | Yes |
| Minimum bend radius | 0.5× thickness |
| Spring-back | Low |
| Welding processes | MIG, TIG, SPOT, LASER |
1060 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CGB/T 699 grade 60: 0.57–0.65 | 0.55 – 0.65 | 0.6 |
| MnGB 60: 0.50–0.80 | 0.6 – 0.9 | 0.75 |
| Sinot specified in AISI/SAE 1060; per GB/T 699 0.17–0.37 | 0.15 – 0.35 | 0.25 |
| Pmax; GB/T 699 ≤0.035 | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Smax; GB/T 699 ≤0.035 | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Crresidual, GB/T 699 limit | ≤ 0.25 | |
| Niresidual, GB/T 699 limit | ≤ 0.3 | |
| Curesidual, GB/T 699 limit | ≤ 0.25 | |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 1060?
No inherent corrosion resistance — oil, black oxide, phosphate, zinc plate, hard chrome or paint; hardened surfaces polish and hold a fine grind, and induction hardening plus grinding is common for wear surfaces.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Plating
CVD Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel 1060 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- G10600
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- C60
- GB (China)
- 60
- Similar grades
- S58C
How much does 1060 cost?
1060 is a standard-cost steel ($$), cheaper than about 80% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
1060 — frequently asked
What is 1060 used for?
1060 is typically used for coil and leaf springs, knife blanks, wear plates, hand tools, shafts and agricultural blades and tines. In short: medium-high carbon bar.
What is the yield strength of 1060?
1060 has a typical yield strength of 370 MPa (53.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 675 MPa (97.9 ksi) — weaker than 70% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 9 listed tempers.
Is 1060 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (45/100, worse than 65% of steel grades). Machine in the annealed or normalized state with rigid setups, sharp carbide or coated-carbide tooling, moderate speed and generous coolant; above ~35 HRC switch to grinding or ceramic/CBN tooling.
Can 1060 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (25/100). Poor weldability (CE ≈ 0.7–0.8): preheat 200–300 °C, use low-hydrogen consumables, keep interpass heat, and post-weld stress relieve/temper immediately or expect underbead cracking.
What surface finishes work on 1060?
No inherent corrosion resistance — oil, black oxide, phosphate, zinc plate, hard chrome or paint; hardened surfaces polish and hold a fine grind, and induction hardening plus grinding is common for wear surfaces.
Can 1060 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed/spheroidized state and with generous bend radii; hot form 850–1100 °C, then normalize — heavy cold work needs intermediate anneals.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1060?
1060 is rated for continuous use to about 300°C (572 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1060-HR and 1060-HDW?
HR is the default condition — default stock form for bar, plate and flat: cheapest, adequate strength, to be machined and then heat treated if hardness is needed. HDW: wire condition for coil and tension springs wound cold and only stress-relieved; strength rises sharply as diameter falls. Yield strength is 370 MPa in HR versus 1,300 MPa in HDW.
How much does 1060 cost?
1060 is a standard-cost steel ($$), cheaper than about 80% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Can FabDigit make parts in 1060?
Yes — 1060 is available for CNC machining and sheet metal; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- SAE J403 / ASTM A29 — Carbon and alloy steel bars, chemical composition — SAE / ASTM (2019)
- GB/T 699 (grade 60) — SAC (2015)
- EN 10083-2 / DIN 17200 — C60 quenched and tempered steel — CEN (2006)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.19 — Fatigue and Fracture — ASM International (1996)
- ASM Handbook Vol.4 — Heat Treating — ASM International (1991)
- Carbon steel property tables (1060 hot rolled / annealed / normalized / OQ&T) — MatWeb (2024)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.