Steel P235GH +N (Normalized)
Heat-treated state · default condition
EN P235GH · GB Q245R
Standard supply condition for pressure-vessel plate and seamless boiler tube; fine grain, guaranteed 27 J Charpy and elevated-temperature proof stress.
Values for the +N condition
Other P235GH tempers and conditions
P235GH is listed in 5 conditions; see the grade overview at P235GH.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+N heavy section | Same heat treatment as +N but the standard steps the minimum yield down with thickness — use for thick shells, tubesheets and heads. | 245 | 420 | 28 | 120 HB | 10.5 % IACS |
Stress relieved | Use after heavy cold forming or welding (PWHT ~580–620 °C) to restore ductility and remove residual stress in vessels. | 250 | 405 | 31 | 115 HB | 10.7 % IACS |
+NDefaultThis page Normalized | Standard supply condition for pressure-vessel plate and seamless boiler tube; fine grain, guaranteed 27 J Charpy and elevated-temperature proof stress. | 265 | 430 | 28 | 125 HB | — |
Hot rolled | Cheapest condition for thin plate, coil and welded tube where normalizing is not required by the code. | 270 | 425 | 26 | 130 HB | 10.5 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Cold-drawn precision tube for tight tolerance and higher strength; low ductility, normally re-normalized before pressure service. | 420 | 500 | 12 | 155 HB | — |
What is P235GH +N?
P235GH +N is P235GH heat treated to +N — standard supply condition for pressure-vessel plate and seamless boiler tube; fine grain, guaranteed 27 J Charpy and elevated-temperature proof stress. P235GH +N has a yield strength of 265 MPa (38.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 430 MPa (62.4 ksi) — weaker than 92% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 28% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi). P235GH +N has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,460°C (2,660 °F).
Advantages
- Forms and bends easily — 88/100, better than 98% of steel grades
- Readily welded — 95/100, better than 97% of steel grades
- Easy to machine — 65/100, better than 93% of steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 28%, better than 89% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades
Limitations
- Hard to polish — 40/100, worse than 96% of steel grades
- Low strength — 265 MPa (38.4 ksi), worse than 92% of steel grades
P235GH +N properties
Typical room-temperature values for P235GH +N; 13 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are P235GH reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
P235GH +N has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,460°C (2,660 °F).
Mechanical16
P235GH +N has a yield strength of 265 MPa (38.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 430 MPa (62.4 ksi) — weaker than 92% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 28% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
Thermal6
P235GH +N is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 50 W/m·K (28.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
P235GH +N conducts electricity at 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (12/100), worse than 53% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of P235GH +N takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 2 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability6
P235GH +N's machinability is good (65/100, better than 93% of steel grades); weldability excellent (95/100); formability excellent (88/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with P235GH +N
Is P235GH easy to machine?
Free machining in all conditions but gummy — use sharp positive-rake carbide, generous feed and coolant to avoid built-up edge; ~70 % of AISI 1212.
Can P235GH be welded?
Excellent: CEV ≈ 0.30–0.35, weldable by SMAW/GTAW/SAW with E7018 or ER70S-6 class consumables, no preheat below ~30 mm, PWHT 580–620 °C per vessel code.
Can P235GH be formed, bent or molded?
Cold rolls, presses and flanges readily in +N or +SR; hot forming 900–1000 °C followed by re-normalizing if forming ends below Ac3.
What surface finishes work on P235GH?
No natural corrosion resistance — shot-blast to Sa 2½ then epoxy/zinc-rich primer, hot-dip galvanize, or apply a corrosion allowance; takes a bright but non-durable polish.
P235GH chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CEN 10028-2 ladle analysis | ≤ 0.16 | 0.14 |
| Si | ≤ 0.35 | 0.25 |
| Mn | 0.6 – 1.2 | 0.9 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Altotal Al, grain refinement | ≥ 0.02 | 0.03 |
| Cr | ≤ 0.3 | 0.05 |
| Cu | ≤ 0.3 | 0.08 |
| Ni | ≤ 0.3 | 0.05 |
| Mo | ≤ 0.08 | 0.02 |
| Nb | ≤ 0.02 | — |
| Ti | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| V | ≤ 0.02 | — |
| Cr+Cu+Mo+Nisum limit | ≤ 0.7 | — |
| Fe | balance | — |
P235GH +N — frequently asked
What is P235GH +N used for?
P235GH +N is typically used for boiler drums and headers, pressure vessel shells, steam piping and storage tanks for pressurized fluids. In short: baseline pressure-vessel plate; code-grade elevated-temperature strength; excellent weldability and forming.
What is the yield strength of P235GH +N?
P235GH +N has a typical yield strength of 265 MPa (38.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 430 MPa (62.4 ksi) — weaker than 92% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is P235GH +N easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (65/100, better than 93% of steel grades). Free machining in all conditions but gummy — use sharp positive-rake carbide, generous feed and coolant to avoid built-up edge; ~70 % of AISI 1212.
Can P235GH +N be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (95/100). Excellent: CEV ≈ 0.30–0.35, weldable by SMAW/GTAW/SAW with E7018 or ER70S-6 class consumables, no preheat below ~30 mm, PWHT 580–620 °C per vessel code.
What surface finishes work on P235GH +N?
No natural corrosion resistance — shot-blast to Sa 2½ then epoxy/zinc-rich primer, hot-dip galvanize, or apply a corrosion allowance; takes a bright but non-durable polish.
Can P235GH +N be formed, bent or molded?
Cold rolls, presses and flanges readily in +N or +SR; hot forming 900–1000 °C followed by re-normalizing if forming ends below Ac3.
What is the maximum service temperature of P235GH +N?
P235GH +N is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Sources
- EN 10028-2 Flat products of steels for pressure purposes — Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties — CEN (2017)
- EN 10216-2 Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes — Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties — CEN (2020)
- GB/T 713 Steel plates for boilers and pressure vessels (Q245R) — SAC (2014)
- ASTM A516/A516M Grade 60 — ASTM International (2017)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- EN 13445-3 Unfired pressure vessels — Design — CEN (2021)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.