Steel 1141
AISI/SAE 1141 · UNS G11410
AISI 1141 is a resulfurized medium-carbon manganese steel (≈0.40 % C, ≈1.5 % Mn, 0.08–0.13 % S) developed for high-volume screw-machine and CNC turning work where both good machinability and appreciable strength/hardenability are needed.
Values for the HR condition
1141 tempers and conditions
1141 is supplied in 9 conditions, soft to hard. HR is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 9 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
full anneal (≈790–840 °C, slow cool) | Pick when maximum ductility and lowest hardness are needed for heavy cold forming or to relieve prior cold work. | 350 | 600 | 25 | 170 HB | 9.5 % IACS |
HRDefault Hot rolled | Default, cheapest stock form; pick for machined parts that will be heat treated afterwards or where tolerances are cut on all surfaces. | 360 | 675 | 22 | 192 HB | — |
≈900 °C, air cooled | Use to homogenize structure and improve toughness/ductility uniformity before machining or as a final condition for moderately loaded parts. | 405 | 706 | 22.7 | 14 HRC | 9.5 % IACS |
Cold rolled | Choose for a smooth as-supplied surface and tighter size on flats/strip where a cold-drawn round is not offered. | 585 | 730 | 12 | 17 HRC | 9.5 % IACS |
Induction hardened | Pick for shafts and splines needing a wear-resistant case and high bending fatigue strength while keeping a ductile core; 1141's Mn level suits induction practice. | 600 | 800 | 12 | 54 HRC | 9 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Most common commercial condition for screw-machine work: higher yield, bright surface and close diameter tolerance straight from the bar. | 640 | 765 | 10 | 217 HB | — |
quenched and tempered (high temper, ≈595–650 °C) | Tough general-purpose heat-treated condition for shafts and studs where ductility matters more than peak strength. | 690 | 830 | 18 | 24 HRC | 9 % IACS |
quenched and tempered (≈540–595 °C temper) | Most common heat-treated spec for 1141 machined shafts, axles and hydraulic components — good strength with acceptable machinability. | 830 | 965 | 15 | 30 HRC | — |
quenched and tempered (≈425–510 °C temper) | Highest practical through-hardened level for 1141 in small sections; pick for wear-loaded pins and studs, accepting reduced toughness. | 1,000 | 1,150 | 12 | 35 HRC | — |
What is 1141?
AISI 1141 is a resulfurized medium-carbon manganese steel (≈0.40 % C, ≈1.5 % Mn, 0.08–0.13 % S) developed for high-volume screw-machine and CNC turning work where both good machinability and appreciable strength/hardenability are needed. The elevated manganese lets it be through- or induction-hardened to 30–40 HRC in moderate sections, so it is common for shafts, studs, bolts, axles, gears and hydraulic parts. Its limits are the sulfide inclusions: poor weldability, marked transverse ductility/impact anisotropy, notch sensitivity, and essentially no corrosion resistance without plating or oiling. 1141 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). 1141 has a yield strength of 360 MPa (52.2 ksi) and a tensile strength of 675 MPa (97.9 ksi) — weaker than 72% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is 1141 used for?
- Tie rods
- Studs
- Splined shafts
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 68/100, better than 95% of steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 1.9 kg CO₂/kg, better than 92% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 49 W/m·K (28.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 83% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 9.5 % IACS, better than 75% of steel grades
Limitations
- Difficult to weld — 25/100, worse than 77% of steel grades
1141 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1141-HR; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
1141 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical13
1141 has a yield strength of 360 MPa (52.2 ksi) and a tensile strength of 675 MPa (97.9 ksi) — weaker than 72% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1141 is rated for continuous service to 425°C (797 °F). It conducts heat at 49 W/m·K (28.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 83% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.7 µm/m·K (6.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1141 conducts electricity at 9.5 % IACS, better than 75% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1141 takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 1.9 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability6
1141's machinability is good (68/100, better than 95% of steel grades); weldability poor (25/100); formability fair (35/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. 1141 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 1141
Is 1141 easy to machine?
Excellent free-cutting behaviour (≈70 % of 1212) with short chips and good surface finish; run high feeds with carbide and expect good tool life, but avoid it where transverse toughness or leak-tight sealing surfaces are critical.
Can 1141 be welded?
Not recommended — 0.4 % C plus 0.10 % S gives hot cracking and hard HAZ; if unavoidable, preheat 200–300 °C, use low-hydrogen consumables and post-weld stress relieve.
Can 1141 be formed, bent or molded?
Limited cold formability; bend generously (≥3t) in annealed condition, or hot form at 1100–1200 °C and avoid working below ~850 °C because sulfides cause hot shortness.
Manufacturability
The process limits FabDigit applies to 1141. Every 1141 part is priced by an engineer; design inside these and the quote comes back without a redesign loop.
CNC machining
| Machinability | Excellent68 / 100 |
|---|---|
| ISO material group | P.1 |
| Cutting speed (rough / finish) | 220 / 260 m/min |
| Minimum wall | 0.8 mm |
| Minimum internal radius | 1 mm |
| Drill depth limit | 5× diameter |
| Best surface (machined / polished) | Ra 1.6 / — |
| Hardenable after machining | No |
1141 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.37 – 0.45 | 0.41 |
| Mn | 1.35 – 1.65 | 1.5 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Sresulfurized for machinability | 0.08 – 0.13 | 0.1 |
| Sinot specified in SAE 1141; typical residual 0.15–0.35 for killed steel | ≈ 0.22 | 0.22 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 1141?
No corrosion resistance bare — specify oil, black oxide, phosphate, zinc or Cr-free zinc-nickel plating; grinding and hard chrome are common on induction-hardened shaft journals; sulfide stringers can leave micro-pits on high-polish surfaces.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Plating
CVD Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel 1141 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- G11410
How much does 1141 cost?
1141 is a standard-cost steel ($$), cheaper than about 80% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
1141 — frequently asked
What is 1141 used for?
1141 is typically used for tie rods, studs and splined shafts. In short: high-strength fatigue resistant.
What is the yield strength of 1141?
1141 has a typical yield strength of 360 MPa (52.2 ksi) and a tensile strength of 675 MPa (97.9 ksi) — weaker than 72% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 9 listed tempers.
Is 1141 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (68/100, better than 95% of steel grades). Excellent free-cutting behaviour (≈70 % of 1212) with short chips and good surface finish; run high feeds with carbide and expect good tool life, but avoid it where transverse toughness or leak-tight sealing surfaces are critical.
Can 1141 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (25/100). Not recommended — 0.4 % C plus 0.10 % S gives hot cracking and hard HAZ; if unavoidable, preheat 200–300 °C, use low-hydrogen consumables and post-weld stress relieve.
What surface finishes work on 1141?
No corrosion resistance bare — specify oil, black oxide, phosphate, zinc or Cr-free zinc-nickel plating; grinding and hard chrome are common on induction-hardened shaft journals; sulfide stringers can leave micro-pits on high-polish surfaces.
Can 1141 be formed, bent or molded?
Limited cold formability; bend generously (≥3t) in annealed condition, or hot form at 1100–1200 °C and avoid working below ~850 °C because sulfides cause hot shortness.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1141?
1141 is rated for continuous use to about 425°C (797 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1141-HR and 1141-CD?
HR is the default condition — default, cheapest stock form; pick for machined parts that will be heat treated afterwards or where tolerances are cut on all surfaces. CD: most common commercial condition for screw-machine work: higher yield, bright surface and close diameter tolerance straight from the bar. Yield strength is 360 MPa in HR versus 640 MPa in CD.
How much does 1141 cost?
1141 is a standard-cost steel ($$), cheaper than about 80% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Can FabDigit make parts in 1141?
Yes — 1141 is available for CNC machining; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A29/A29M — Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements — ASTM (2020)
- ASTM A108 — Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished — ASTM (2018)
- SAE J403 — Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — SAE International (2014)
- SAE J404 / J1268 (hardenability of carbon and alloy steels) — SAE International (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1: Properties and Selection — Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 4: Heat Treating — ASM International (1991)
- GB/T 8731 (comparable Y40Mn grade) — SAC (2008)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.