Steel Y35
GB Y35
Y35 is a higher-carbon resulfurized free-cutting steel (GB grade, equivalent to AISI 1137) with 0.18–0.30 % sulfur for chip control.
Reference datasheet — Y35 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the CD condition
Y35 tempers and conditions
Y35 is supplied in 8 conditions, soft to hard. CD is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 8 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hot rolled | Cheapest stock form for larger diameters that will be fully machined or later heat treated. | 340 | 570 | 18 | 175 HB | — |
Solution annealed | Softest condition — use before heavy cold forming or deep drilling/broaching operations. | 345 | 585 | 27 | 174 HB | — |
Normalized | Uniform fine pearlitic structure with good machined-surface finish; typical pre-treatment before Q&T of forgings. | 400 | 670 | 22 | 197 HB | — |
Cold drawn, stress relieved | Choose when long slender parts must stay straight after heavy asymmetric machining. | 500 | 615 | 13 | 11 HRC | 9.5 % IACS |
CDDefault Cold drawn | Default stock for automatic-lathe work: tight tolerance, bright surface, best chip control and highest as-supplied strength. | 540 | 640 | 10 | 197 HB | — |
quenched and tempered (high temper) | Balanced strength/toughness condition for medium-duty shafts and studs that still need easy finish machining. | 660 | 830 | 20 | 24 HRC | — |
Induction hardened | Use for journals and splines needing 45–55 HRC wear surface on a tough machined core. | 720 | 900 | 15 | 50 HRC | 8.6 % IACS |
quenched and tempered (medium temper) | Higher-strength shaft/fastener condition where wear and fatigue matter more than machining ease. | 800 | 965 | 16 | 30 HRC | — |
Supply forms, finishes and certifications
Ways Y35 is supplied — form, process route, surface or paperwork — without a datasheet of their own. The property values above apply.
| Option | What it is | Type |
|---|---|---|
TGP | Turned, ground and polished bar | Surface finish |
What is Y35?
Y35 is a higher-carbon resulfurized free-cutting steel (GB grade, equivalent to AISI 1137) with 0.18–0.30 % sulfur for chip control. Engineers use it for shafts and fasteners that need more strength than the low-carbon free-cutting grades while still running fast on automatics: 540 MPa yield, 640 MPa tensile, 10 % elongation, 197 HB (92 HRB) and a machinability score of 78. Bar is available hot-rolled, cold-drawn, stress-relieved, turned-ground-and-polished, annealed, normalized, induction-hardened and quenched and tempered to 22–26 or 28–32 HRC. Formability is only 28 and welding is not practical; Y30 or 1045 are the nearest alternatives. Y35 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F). Y35 has a yield strength of 540 MPa (78.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 640 MPa (92.8 ksi) — stronger than 70% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 10% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
What is Y35 used for?
- Shafts
- Bolts
- Automotive fasteners
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 78/100, better than 97% of steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 1.9 kg CO₂/kg, better than 92% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 9.5 % IACS, better than 75% of steel grades
Limitations
- Hard to polish — 40/100, worse than 96% of steel grades
- Limited ductility — 10%, worse than 91% of steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 22/100, worse than 81% of steel grades
Y35 properties
Typical room-temperature values for Y35-CD; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
Y35 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F).
Mechanical14
Y35 has a yield strength of 540 MPa (78.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 640 MPa (92.8 ksi) — stronger than 70% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 10% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
Thermal6
Y35 is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 47 W/m·K (27.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 75% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.7 µm/m·K (6.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Y35 conducts electricity at 9.5 % IACS, better than 75% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Y35 takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 1.9 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
Y35's machinability is very good (78/100, better than 97% of steel grades); weldability poor (22/100); formability poor (28/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. Y35 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with Y35
Is Y35 easy to machine?
Excellent free-cutting behaviour on screw machines and CNC lathes — short chips, high speeds with carbide (150–250 m/min), but keep feeds up to avoid rubbing and expect duller surfaces than Y12 due to higher carbon.
Can Y35 be welded?
Not recommended: 0.18–0.30 % S causes hot cracking and porosity; if unavoidable use low-hydrogen consumables, preheat 200–260 °C and accept reduced joint properties.
Can Y35 be formed, bent or molded?
Only light cold forming/bending — sulfide stringers give strong directionality and low transverse ductility; hot forge at 1100–1200 °C and avoid finishing below 850 °C.
Y35 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CGB/T 8731-2008 | 0.32 – 0.4 | 0.36 |
| Si | 0.15 – 0.35 | 0.25 |
| Mn | 0.7 – 1 | 0.85 |
| Sintentional, forms MnS chip breakers | 0.18 – 0.3 | 0.24 |
| P | ≤ 0.06 | 0.04 |
| Crresidual | ≤ 0.15 | |
| Niresidual | ≤ 0.25 | |
| Curesidual | ≤ 0.25 | |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on Y35?
Requires protection: zinc/black-oxide/phosphate or nickel plating are standard; sulfide inclusions cause pitting on mirror polish and can slightly stain plated finishes.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel Y35 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- Similar grades
- 1137
How much does Y35 cost?
Y35 is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Y35 — frequently asked
What is Y35 used for?
Y35 is typically used for shafts, bolts and automotive fasteners. In short: machinability 78 at 0.35 % C; free-cutting 1137 equivalent; hardens to 32 HRC.
What is the yield strength of Y35?
Y35 has a typical yield strength of 540 MPa (78.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 640 MPa (92.8 ksi) — stronger than 70% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 8 listed tempers.
Is Y35 easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (78/100, better than 97% of steel grades). Excellent free-cutting behaviour on screw machines and CNC lathes — short chips, high speeds with carbide (150–250 m/min), but keep feeds up to avoid rubbing and expect duller surfaces than Y12 due to higher carbon.
Can Y35 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (22/100). Not recommended: 0.18–0.30 % S causes hot cracking and porosity; if unavoidable use low-hydrogen consumables, preheat 200–260 °C and accept reduced joint properties.
What surface finishes work on Y35?
Requires protection: zinc/black-oxide/phosphate or nickel plating are standard; sulfide inclusions cause pitting on mirror polish and can slightly stain plated finishes.
Can Y35 be formed, bent or molded?
Only light cold forming/bending — sulfide stringers give strong directionality and low transverse ductility; hot forge at 1100–1200 °C and avoid finishing below 850 °C.
What is the maximum service temperature of Y35?
Y35 is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Y35-CD and Y35-HR?
CD is the default condition — default stock for automatic-lathe work: tight tolerance, bright surface, best chip control and highest as-supplied strength. HR: cheapest stock form for larger diameters that will be fully machined or later heat treated. Yield strength is 540 MPa in CD versus 340 MPa in HR.
How much does Y35 cost?
Y35 is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- ASTM A29/A29M — Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought — ASTM (2020)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1: Properties and Selection — Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16: Machining — ASM International (1989)
- ASM Handbook Vol.4: Heat Treating — ASM International (1991)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.