Steel 1109
AISI/SAE 1109 · UNS G11090
1109 (UNS G11090) is a low-carbon resulfurized free-machining steel in the AISI/SAE 11xx family, where manganese sulfide inclusions break chips rather than any alloy strengthening.
Reference datasheet — 1109 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the CD condition
1109 tempers and conditions
1109 is supplied in 6 conditions, soft to hard. CD is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solution annealed | Softest condition for heavy cold forming, heading or deep boring before final heat treatment. | 225 | 370 | 30 | 105 HB | — |
Hot rolled | Cheapest form for parts that will be fully machined all over or subsequently carburized. | 235 | 420 | 25 | 121 HB | — |
Normalized | Uniform fine grain and predictable response before carburizing; used on forged or heavily hot-worked blanks. | 250 | 405 | 28 | 116 HB | 11.2 % IACS |
Cold drawn, stress relieved | Pick when parts machined unsymmetrically must stay straight; low-temperature relief removes drawing residual stress with minimal strength loss. | 380 | 455 | 18 | 131 HB | 10.8 % IACS |
Carburized, quenched and tempered | Choose when the machined part needs a hard wear-resistant skin (pins, bushings, small levers) over a tough low-carbon core. | 400 | 620 | 12 | 59 HRC | — |
CDDefault Cold drawn | Standard stocked screw-machine condition: straight, close-tolerance, bright bar with the best chip control and finish. | 415 | 470 | 15 | 137 HB | — |
What is 1109?
1109 (UNS G11090) is a low-carbon resulfurized free-machining steel in the AISI/SAE 11xx family, where manganese sulfide inclusions break chips rather than any alloy strengthening. In the default cold-drawn condition it gives 415 MPa yield, 470 MPa tensile, 15 % elongation and 137 HB (75 HRB) with a machinability score of 72, which suits light-duty turned parts run in volume. It is not a structural welding grade and has no corrosion resistance, so plating or oiling is required; carburizing (CARB-QT) is the usual route to a hard surface, and 1215 cuts faster where strength matters less. 1109 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F). 1109 has a yield strength of 415 MPa (60.2 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — weaker than 56% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 15% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is 1109 used for?
- Small fasteners
- Pins
- Light shafts
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 72/100, better than 97% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 51.9 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 96% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 10.8 % IACS, better than 94% of steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 1.9 kg CO₂/kg, better than 92% of steel grades
1109 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1109-CD; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
1109 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F).
Mechanical13
1109 has a yield strength of 415 MPa (60.2 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — weaker than 56% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 15% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1109 is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 51.9 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 96% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.9 µm/m·K (6.61 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1109 conducts electricity at 10.8 % IACS, better than 94% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (9/100), worse than 98% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1109 takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 1.9 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 35%.
Manufacturability7
1109's machinability is very good (72/100, better than 97% of steel grades); weldability fair (40/100); formability good (55/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. 1109 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 1109
Is 1109 easy to machine?
Excellent free-cutting behaviour at high speed with light feeds; keep cutting speed up and use sharp tools to avoid the gummy chips typical of very low-carbon resulfurized steel.
Can 1109 be welded?
Not recommended for structural welds — high sulfur promotes hot cracking and porosity; if unavoidable, use low-hydrogen consumables, preheat and expect reduced joint ductility.
Can 1109 be formed, bent or molded?
Moderate cold formability in annealed or hot-rolled condition, but sulfide stringers cause anisotropy — avoid tight transverse bends and severe heading.
1109 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.08 – 0.13 | 0.1 |
| Mn | 0.6 – 0.9 | 0.75 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Sresulfurized for machinability | 0.08 – 0.13 | 0.1 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 1109?
No corrosion resistance as-machined: specify zinc or nickel plating, black oxide, phosphate-and-oil; inclusions can leave micro-pits after polishing or plating.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel 1109 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- G11090
How much does 1109 cost?
1109 is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
1109 — frequently asked
What is 1109 used for?
1109 is typically used for small fasteners, pins and light shafts. In short: free-cutting low-carbon bar; machinability score 72; not for structural welds.
What is the yield strength of 1109?
1109 has a typical yield strength of 415 MPa (60.2 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — weaker than 56% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 1109 easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (72/100, better than 97% of steel grades). Excellent free-cutting behaviour at high speed with light feeds; keep cutting speed up and use sharp tools to avoid the gummy chips typical of very low-carbon resulfurized steel.
Can 1109 be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (40/100). Not recommended for structural welds — high sulfur promotes hot cracking and porosity; if unavoidable, use low-hydrogen consumables, preheat and expect reduced joint ductility.
What surface finishes work on 1109?
No corrosion resistance as-machined: specify zinc or nickel plating, black oxide, phosphate-and-oil; inclusions can leave micro-pits after polishing or plating.
Can 1109 be formed, bent or molded?
Moderate cold formability in annealed or hot-rolled condition, but sulfide stringers cause anisotropy — avoid tight transverse bends and severe heading.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1109?
1109 is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1109-CD and 1109-A?
CD is the default condition — standard stocked screw-machine condition: straight, close-tolerance, bright bar with the best chip control and finish. A: softest condition for heavy cold forming, heading or deep boring before final heat treatment. Yield strength is 415 MPa in CD versus 225 MPa in A.
How much does 1109 cost?
1109 is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- SAE J403 — Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — SAE International (2014)
- ASTM A108 / A29 — Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished and Hot-Wrought — ASTM (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16 — Machining — ASM International (1989)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.