Steel 1111
AISI/SAE 1111 · UNS G11110
1111 is a resulfurized free-machining carbon steel (UNS G11110) in the AISI/SAE 11xx family, where manganese sulfide inclusions break chips and lower cutting forces.
Reference datasheet — 1111 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the CD condition
1111 tempers and conditions
1111 is supplied in 6 conditions, soft to hard. CD is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hot rolled | Cheapest form for parts that will be fully machined all over or subsequently case-hardened. | 241 | 414 | 30 | 121 HB | — |
Solution annealed | Softest condition, for maximum ductility before cold heading or severe forming. | 250 | 395 | 33 | 111 HB | — |
Normalized | Uniform fine grain and predictable machining response after hot working or forging. | 255 | 425 | 30 | 121 HB | 10 % IACS |
Cold drawn, stress relieved | Pick when long slender turned parts must stay straight after heavy or unbalanced machining. | 360 | 455 | 21 | 131 HB | 10 % IACS |
CDDefault Cold drawn | Standard stocked screw-machine condition: best size tolerance, straightness and chip control. | 393 | 469 | 18 | 137 HB | — |
Carburized, quenched and tempered | Choose when the machined part needs a wear-resistant surface on a tough low-carbon core. | 420 | 620 | 12 | 60 HRC | 9 % IACS |
Supply forms, finishes and certifications
Ways 1111 is supplied — form, process route, surface or paperwork — without a datasheet of their own. The property values above apply.
| Option | What it is | Type |
|---|---|---|
TGP | Turned, ground and polished bar | Surface finish |
What is 1111?
1111 is a resulfurized free-machining carbon steel (UNS G11110) in the AISI/SAE 11xx family, where manganese sulfide inclusions break chips and lower cutting forces. It is chosen for medium-strength turned components, with default cold-drawn properties of 393 MPa yield, 469 MPa tensile, 18% elongation and 137 HB (76 HRB) at a machinability score of 88; stock forms include hot-rolled, cold-drawn, stress-relieved and TGP bar. The trade-offs are poor weldability, low transverse ductility (formability score 40) and no corrosion resistance. Where welding is required, 1018 is the nearest substitute. 1111 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,450°C (2,642 °F). 1111 has a yield strength of 393 MPa (57 ksi) and a tensile strength of 469 MPa (68 ksi) — weaker than 63% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 18% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is 1111 used for?
- Fasteners
- Pins
- Shafts
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 88/100, better than 99% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 51 W/m·K (29.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 92% of steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 1.9 kg CO₂/kg, better than 92% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 10 % IACS, better than 83% of steel grades
Limitations
- Hard to polish — 45/100, worse than 84% of steel grades
1111 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1111-CD; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
1111 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,450°C (2,642 °F).
Mechanical14
1111 has a yield strength of 393 MPa (57 ksi) and a tensile strength of 469 MPa (68 ksi) — weaker than 63% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 18% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1111 is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 51 W/m·K (29.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 92% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.7 µm/m·K (6.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1111 conducts electricity at 10 % IACS, better than 83% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (8/100), worse than 99% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1111 takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 1.9 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
1111's machinability is excellent (88/100, better than 99% of steel grades); weldability poor (30/100); formability fair (40/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. 1111 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 1111
Is 1111 easy to machine?
Excellent free-cutting behaviour — run high speeds with sharp positive tooling; short brittle chips and low built-up edge, but expect a slightly torn finish in soft hot-rolled bar unless sulfurized oil is used.
Can 1111 be welded?
Not recommended for structural welds; high S and P promote hot cracking and porosity — if unavoidable, use low-hydrogen filler, preheat and low heat input, and accept reduced joint ductility.
Can 1111 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold heading and bending are limited by the sulfide stringers; bend transverse to the rolling direction with generous radii, or anneal first — hot forge at 1100–1250 °C.
1111 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C0.13 % max per SAE J403 | ≤ 0.13 | 0.1 |
| Mn | 0.6 – 0.9 | 0.75 |
| Prephosphorized for chip breakage | 0.07 – 0.12 | 0.1 |
| Sresulfurized — MnS inclusions | 0.08 – 0.13 | 0.11 |
| Feremainder plus residuals | balance |
What surface finishes work on 1111?
No inherent corrosion resistance: zinc/nickel plate, black oxide, phosphate-and-oil or paint. Inclusion pull-out limits mirror polishing and can leave pinholes in thin electroplate.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel 1111 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- G11110
How much does 1111 cost?
1111 is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
1111 — frequently asked
What is 1111 used for?
1111 is typically used for fasteners, pins and shafts. In short: high-volume screw-machine grade; machinability score 88; not for structural welds.
What is the yield strength of 1111?
1111 has a typical yield strength of 393 MPa (57 ksi) and a tensile strength of 469 MPa (68 ksi) — weaker than 63% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 1111 easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated excellent (88/100, better than 99% of steel grades). Excellent free-cutting behaviour — run high speeds with sharp positive tooling; short brittle chips and low built-up edge, but expect a slightly torn finish in soft hot-rolled bar unless sulfurized oil is used.
Can 1111 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (30/100). Not recommended for structural welds; high S and P promote hot cracking and porosity — if unavoidable, use low-hydrogen filler, preheat and low heat input, and accept reduced joint ductility.
What surface finishes work on 1111?
No inherent corrosion resistance: zinc/nickel plate, black oxide, phosphate-and-oil or paint. Inclusion pull-out limits mirror polishing and can leave pinholes in thin electroplate.
Can 1111 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold heading and bending are limited by the sulfide stringers; bend transverse to the rolling direction with generous radii, or anneal first — hot forge at 1100–1250 °C.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1111?
1111 is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1111-CD and 1111-HR?
CD is the default condition — standard stocked screw-machine condition: best size tolerance, straightness and chip control. HR: cheapest form for parts that will be fully machined all over or subsequently case-hardened. Yield strength is 393 MPa in CD versus 241 MPa in HR.
How much does 1111 cost?
1111 is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- SAE J403 — Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — SAE International (2014)
- ASTM A29/A29M — Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements — ASTM (2020)
- ASTM A108 — Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished — ASTM (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16 — Machining — ASM International (1989)
- SAE J1397 — Estimated Mechanical Properties and Machinability of Steel Bars — SAE International (2009)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.